Structure and bonding

Question 1

What are bonds?

Answer 1

Forces of attraction that hold atoms together

Question 2

What happens when bonds form between atoms?

Answer 2

When bonds form between atoms, energy is released from the atoms which makes them more stable (less reactive)

Question 3

What’s an ion?

Answer 3

A charged particle

Question 4

What holds the ions together in an ionic bond?

Answer 4

Electrostatic forces

Question 5

What are ionic compounds held together by?

Answer 5

Electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 6

What’s a giant ionic lattice?

Answer 6

Found in ionic compounds: Ions are packed together in a regular arrangement with alternating oppositely charged ions in all directions

Question 7

What can ionic compounds form when solid?

Answer 7

Crystals due to their regular lattice structure

Question 8

What does it mean when an ion ends in ‘-ate’ or
‘-ite’ ?

Answer 8

The ion contains oxygen as well as another element

Question 9

What’s a polyatomic ion?

Answer 9

An ion composed of two or more atoms

Question 10

Do ionic compounds have high or low melting and boiling points? - why?

Answer 10

High melting and boiling points
The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between ions require more energy to be overcome

Question 11

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 11

Yes- only when molten or dissolved in water because the ions are free to move

Question 12

What conditions should be met for a substance to conduct electricity?

Answer 12

• must contain charged particles
• particles must be free to move

Question 13

What’s a covalent bond?

Answer 13

A shared pair of electrons

Question 14

What’s a molecular substance?

Answer 14

Contains a group of atoms that are held together by strong covalent bonds

Question 15

What are atoms in molecules held together by?

Answer 15

Strong electrostatic forced of attraction between the positive nuclei and negative electrons in the bonded atoms

Question 16

What are the properties of a compound influenced by?

Answer 16

Its atoms
Its type of bonding

Question 17

What’s a compound?

Answer 17

A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined

Question 18

What structure do substances containing covalent bonds have?

Answer 18

Simple molecular

Question 19

In terms of covalent bonding, why does water have a low boiling point?

Answer 19

Although molecules are held together with strong electrostatic forces of attraction, the intermolecular forces between molecules are weak

Question 20

Can simple molecules carry an electric current?

Answer 20

No - They have no overall charge.
The covalent bonds, the strong forces between electrons and the nuclei holds the electrons in place
So, the electrons can’t flow and carry the current

Question 21

What are monomers?

Answer 21

Small, simple molecules that can be joined in a chain to form a -polymer-

Question 22

What are the boiling points like in polymers?

Answer 22

Longer polymers have higher melting points than shorter ones because there are more intermolecular forces between them

Question 23

What happens in metallic bonding?

Answer 23

Metals lose electrons to form positive ions and delocalised electrons

Question 24

What’s a metallic bond?

Answer 24

The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and delocalised electrons