structure and bonding 1.2

Question 1

monatomic

Answer 1

noble gases exist as single atoms

Question 2

metallic

Answer 2

electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal centres and delocalised electrons

Question 3

covalent molecular

Answer 3

electrostatic force of attraction between two positive nuclei and a shared pair of electrons

Question 4

covalent molecular odd examples

Answer 4

P4, S8 and C60

Question 5

name of C60

Answer 5

buckminister fullerene

Question 6

covalent network

Answer 6

only boron, silicon and carbon (diamond and graphite) can form covalent networks

Question 7

ionic

Answer 7

ionic bonding is the electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions

Question 8

pure covalent

Answer 8

two nuclei equally attracted to the same pair of shared electrons and exits between atoms of the same electronegativity

Question 9

polar covalent

Answer 9

two nuclei unequally attracted to the same pair of shared electrons and atoms with a higher electronegativity will have a greater attraction to the bonding electrons

Question 10

ionic (electronegativity)

Answer 10

usually (not always) between metal and non metal elements where there’s a large electronegativity difference, transfer of electrons forming ions

Question 11

non polar molecules

Answer 11

the dipoles in the molecule cancel out (no clear positive or negative side)

Question 12

polar molecules

Answer 12

have permanent dipole as the dipoles in the molecule don’t cancel out (clear positive and negative side)

Question 13

3 types of Van der Waals

Answer 13

london dispersion forces, permanent dipole - permanent dipole and hydrogen bonds

Question 14

london dispersion forces

Answer 14

electrons more about within atoms, creating slightly positive and negative charges in the atom, non polar molecules

Question 15

permanent dipole - permanent dipole

Answer 15

molecules within a permanent dipole are polar, attraction between polar molecules, stronger than LDF

Question 16

hydrogen bonding

Answer 16

bonds between hydrogen and NOF, stronger than LDF and PD PD but still weaker than covalent bonding

Question 17

Van der Waals properties

Answer 17

m.p. and b.p. of polar substances are higher than non polar and stronger intermolecular bonding means higher m.p./b.p.

Question 18

like dissolves like

Answer 18

polar compounds are soluble in polar solvents ; non polar compounds are soluble in non polar solvents (hexane)