structure and bonding Flashcards
What are ions?
Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons, giving them a overall charge
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non-metal atoms in the outer shell
What charge do metals and non-metals get from ionic bonding?
Metals lose electrons to form positively charged ions, and Non-metals gain electrons to form negatively charged ions
What is an Ionic compound?
An ionic compound consists of a lattice structure of alternating positive and negative ions, in which ions are closely packed
What properties does an ionic compound have?
.Giant ionic lattice
.Strong electrostatic force between oppositely charged ions
.High melting and boiling point
.Unable to conduct electricity as solid but if dissolved or melted they can, because the ions would be free to move
What s covalent bonding?
Covalent bonding is when non-metals share pairs of electrons between eachother, NO CHARGE
What is a molecule?
A molecule is when two or more atoms are chemically bonded
What is small molecules?
They are compounds made up of molecules that contain a few atoms covalently bonded
Properties of small molecules?
.Low melting and boiling point
.Usually gases or liquids at room temp, requires little energy to overcome
.Poor conductors of electricity as there are no free ions or electrons to move and carry charge
What is metallic bonding?
Within the metal lattice, the atoms lose their outer shell electrons and become positively charged metal ions. The positive metal ions are surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons
Metal properties?
.Metal atoms are held by strong metallic bonds forming a giant lattice structure
.Very high meting and boiling point
.Solid at room temp
.Good conductors of electricity and heat due to delocalised electrons
