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Home Inspection > Structure > Flashcards

Structure Flashcards

1
Q

Which full-height studs are nailed to jack studs?

A

King studs

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2
Q

What are the short studs over window and door frames called?

A

Cripple studs.

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3
Q

The first horizontally placed lumber that goes on top of the sub-floor material is called?

A

The Sole / Bottom plate

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4
Q

A vertical masonry member that can serve as either a vertical beam or a column or both, is called?

A

A pilaster

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5
Q

Jack studs are sometimes called what?

A

Trimmers.

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6
Q

Jack studs may be replaced when this is attached to the king stud?

A

A steel header hanger.

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7
Q

What is the bottom horizontal member of an exterior wall frame which rests on top a foundation and sometimes called a mudsill?

A

A sill plate.

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8
Q

Slab-on-grade foundations are popular in areas where there is a high?

A

Water table

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9
Q

Between the sill plate and foundation wall there should be metal?

A

Termite flashing

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10
Q

On a slab-on-grade foundation, there’s usually gravel and this between the ground and concrete?

A

A vapor retarder.

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11
Q

A large vertical foundation crack or signs of ongoing movement could indicate what?

A

Serious settlement

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12
Q

These small cracks are less of a concern than settlement crack?

A

Shrinkage cracks.

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13
Q

Vertical cracks are not typically known to be caused by this?

A

Freezing soil.

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14
Q

Diagonal cracks in a poured concrete foundation that are fairly uniform in width or are hairline-type are caused by what?

A

Shrinkage

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15
Q

How far above grade should wood siding and sill plates be?

A

6 inches

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16
Q

Diagonal cracks that are wider at the bottom than at the top, may indicate what?

A

Settlement.

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17
Q

These may affect the foundation or underground drainage pipes and could raise the soil level too high against the foundation.

A

Roots

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18
Q

Diagonal cracks over windows indicate what?

A

A weak header.

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19
Q

The maximum slope of a lot should roughly be what?

A

1-in-2.

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20
Q

Diagonal cracks in a poured concrete foundation that may allow water entry, do not constitute a structural?

A

Defect

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21
Q

When an attached garage slab does this, it will often pull away from the home and leave cracks?

A

Heaves or settles

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22
Q

This may be caused by pressure on the outside of the foundation wall below grade, improper back-filling, or expansive soil and frost?

A

Horizontal cracking

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23
Q

Cracked and crumbling parge coating is usually caused by what and needs to be noted?

A

Moisture intrusion

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24
Q

Weep Holes are typically spaced apart horizontally along the bottom of the brick veneer wall at what intervals?

A

24 inches and 36 inches

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25
Q

A crack that forms a V-shape may indicate heaving from what?

A

The footing.

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26
Q

If the middle top of an exterior wall is pushed out, this may indicate what?

A

Roof spreading

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27
Q

Tiny cracks that follow the plaster surface that look like spider veins may be indicative of what kind of problem behind the plaster itself?

A

A moisture problem

28
Q

Joists should not be cantilevered more than a _____ or_____ , whichever is smaller?

A

1/4 of its length or 3 times its width.

29
Q

This shape of crack would be reported as a major structural concern and defect with correction and further evaluation by a structural engineer?

A

V-shaped.

30
Q

These holes may also be above a header lintel of a window or door?

A

Weep holes

31
Q

Cracks larger at the bottom that form an upside-down V or pyramid shape indicates what?

A

Settlement or drooping in the middle.

32
Q

Brick veneer that is more pronounced near the middle of the wall and then disappears at the ends may be an indication of what?

A

Inward Bowing at the top of the Foundation

33
Q

A crack in a mortar joint should be repaired and monitored for indications that it is still?

A

Active.

34
Q

How much can brick veneer stick out past the foundation wall and still be considered acceptable?

A

Up to a 1-inch.

35
Q

Are hair-line cracks in a basement’s concrete floor considered a serious structural defect?

A

No

36
Q

Sill plate bolts should have what size washers?

A

2-inch

37
Q

Crawlspaces access openings must be a minimum of what size?

A

18 x 24

38
Q

Columns and posts must be pressure-treated if closer than this to the soil?

A

8 inches

39
Q

A crack with no dust or debris, or a crack in a painted wall with out paint in it are signs of what?

A

An active crack.

40
Q

What is the minimum size for a collar tie?

A

1x4 (nominal)

41
Q

Any observed indication or evidence of a roof leak must be reported as in need of what?

A

Correction.

42
Q

What is the maximum spacing for collar ties?

A

4 feet on center.

43
Q

Diagonal cracks that grow in width, especially ones that are wider at the bottom than at the top, indicate?

A

Settlement.

44
Q

Columns and Posts must be constrained to?

A

Their footings.

45
Q

Cracked tiles are usually the result of the sub-floor not being?

A

Rigid enough.

46
Q

It is difficult to tell if slab-on-grade cracks indicate a structural problem, so all such cracks should be?

A

Noted and reported.

47
Q

In crawlspaces, the grade (soil) should be at least how many inches below the bottom of the floor joists?

A

18-inches

48
Q

In crawlspaces, the grade (soil) should be at least how many inches below the bottom of beams?

A

12-inches

49
Q

Horizontal cracks are caused by this on the outside of the foundation wall below grade?

A

Pressure

50
Q

T/F The longer a crack has been there, the less of a structural issue it is.

A

True

51
Q

As a general rule, any cracks in concrete walls or concrete slabs that are this size may be an indication of serious problems that require evaluation by a licensed professional engineer.

A

1/4-inch wide or wider

52
Q

When there are observed indications of water intrusion or penetration through the foundation wall, what should be recommended?

A

Further evaluation by a qualified contractor

53
Q

If the sill plate on top of concrete foundations isn’t made from treated wood, it should have what between them?

A

Sill sealers or separators between them.

54
Q

A crawlspace opening less than 18-inches should be reported as a what?

A

Restriction

55
Q

Any portion of a masonry chimney located in the interior of the building (such as an attic space) should have at least this amount of air-space clearance from combustibles?

A

2 inches

56
Q

In the first 10 feet, the ground surface should slope a minimum of how much?

A

6 inches

57
Q

Sill plate anchor bolts maximum spacing is what?

A

6 feet on center.

58
Q

The arrangement of windows and doors in a building is called?

A

Fenestration

59
Q

The max length for notches in a joist is?

A

1/3 width of board.

60
Q

What is the minimum thickness of drywall required on the walls and ceilings of an attached garage?

A

1/2-inch drywall

61
Q

Notches should not be cut into what part of the span?

A

The middle third.

62
Q

A foundation wall penetration should be reported if signs of this exist?

A

Leakage

63
Q

When lowering a basement floor, if the soil is excavated only to the bottom of the footing, it may result in loss of this?

A

Lateral support for the footing.

64
Q

How much bearing should a joist have on wood or metal?

A

1 1/2 inches

65
Q

How much bearing should a joist have on masonry?

A

Not less than 3 inches

Home Inspection (13 decks)

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