structure

Question 1

what are bundles of axons in the PNS called

Answer 1

nerve

Question 2

what are nerve cell bodies in the PNS called

Answer 2

Ganglion

Question 3

what are bundles of axons wrapped in

Answer 3

connective tissue

Question 4

what does the cortex consist of

Answer 4

the gyri and sulci

Question 5

name and position of CN I

Answer 5

olfactory nerve forebrain

Question 6

name and position of CN II

Answer 6

optic nerve and forebrain

Question 7

name and position of CNIII

Answer 7

oculomotor nerve and midbrain

Question 8

name and position of CN IV

Answer 8

trochlear nerve and midbrain

Question 9

name and position of CN V

Answer 9

trigeminal nerve and pons

Question 10

name and positions of CN VI

Answer 10

abducent nerve and junction (pons & medulla)

Question 11

name and position of CN VII

Answer 11

facial nerve and junction (pons and medulla)

Question 12

name and postion of CN VIII

Answer 12

vestibulocochlear nerve and junction (pons and medulla)

Question 13

name and position of CN IX

Answer 13

glossopharyngeal nerve and medulla

Question 14

name and position of CN X

Answer 14

vagus nerve and medulla

Question 15

name and position of CN XI

Answer 15

spinal accessory nerve and the spinal chord

Question 16

name and position of CN XII

Answer 16

hypoglossal nerve and the medulla

Question 17

where does the CN I leave the skull

Answer 17

cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

Question 18

where does CN II leave the skull

Answer 18

optic canal

Question 19

how are spinal nerves named and what is the exception

Answer 19

named according to the vertebrae above it, except int eh cervical region, where they are named according to the vertebrae below it
C8 spinal nerve exits between C7 and T1 vertebrae

Question 20

what does the spinal chord pass through to get into the brain

Answer 20

foramen magnum

Question 21

where are the 2 enlargements in the spinal chords and why does it enlarge

Answer 21

cervical and lumbosacral

enlarges because these areas basically are where the controls to the limb are going to and coming from

Question 22

where does the spinal chord end

Answer 22

L1-L2 (conus medullaris)

Question 23

what is the cauda equina

Answer 23

lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots have to descend in the vertebral canal to their respective intervertebral foraminae

Question 24

Rules of spinal nerve anatomy

Answer 24

spinal nerves supply the soma (body wall)

located only within the intervertebral foramina

from the intervertebral foramina they connect with

structures of the soma via rami

the spinal cord via roots and rootlets

Question 25

spinal nerves:

describe the root taken from the anterior rami to the grey matter

Answer 25

anterior rami (which are larger and supply the anterolateral body wall) enter via the intervertebral foramen and then forms into the spinal nerve then the right anterior roots then the right anterior rootlets which move from the white matter into the grey matter

Question 26

spinal nerves:

describe the root taken from the posterior rami to the grey matter

Answer 26

posterior rami (which are smaller and supply the posterior body wall) enter via the intervertebral foramen and then form into the spinal nerve which branches off into the right prosterior roots and then the right prosterior rootlets which move from the white matter into the grey matter

Question 27

what does the posterior rami supply

Answer 27

supplies a small posterior strip

Question 28

what does the anterior rami supply

Answer 28

supplies the remainder of the posterior part, the lateral and anterior parts of the strips
supplies all of the limbs via the plexus

Question 29

what is a dermatome

Answer 29

area (strip) of skin supplied by both the anterior and posterior rami of a spinal nerve

Question 30

what are the most clinically important

Answer 30

T4 dermatome - male nipple inervation
T10 dermatome - umbilicus
from these you can also work out where the rest are

Question 31

what is a nerve plexus

Answer 31

a network of intertwined anterior rami

Question 32

what is the cervical plexus composed of

Answer 32

C1 - C4 anterior rami

supplies posterior scalp, neck wall and diaghragm

Question 33

what is the brachial plexus composed of

Answer 33

C5 - T1 anterior rami

supplies the upper limb

Question 34

what is the lumbar plexus composed of

Answer 34

L1 - L4 anterior rami

supplies the lower limb

Question 35

what is the sacral plexus composed of

Answer 35

L5 - S4 anterior rami

supplies the lower limb, gluteal region and the perineum

Question 36

what are the main nerves that leave the brachial plexus

Answer 36

axxillary nerve
median nerve
musculocutaneous nerve
radial nerve
ulnar nerve

Question 37

all parasympathetic axons leave the CNS via what cranial nerves and what other type of nerves.
what type of outflow is this called?
and what does this outflow supply?

Answer 37

CN III, IX, and X and via the sacral nerves
this is called the craniosacral outflow
they supply the internal organs and not the body wall

Question 38

sacral spinal nerves carry parasympathetic axons to where

Answer 38

the hindgut, pelvis and perineum