Structure 3: Classification of matter

Question 1

First Ionization energy

Answer 1

A measure of how much energy is required to remove the valence electron from an atom..

Question 2

Effective nuclear charge

Answer 2

The net positive charge from the nucleus experienced by outer valence shell electrons once the screening effect of the core electrons has been considered.

Question 3

Atomic Radius trend

Answer 3

Increases down a group

As electrons occupy higher energy levels which are found further away from the nucleus.

Decreases across a period

Ass the number of electrons in the outermost shell increases the radius decreases.

Question 4

Ionic Radii

Answer 4

Cations
- Smaller in size than parent atoms

Anions
- Larger in size than parent atoms

Question 5

Isoelectronic

Answer 5

Molecules with the same electron configuration

Question 6

Homologous series

Answer 6

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group that differ by a common structural unit. e.g. -CH3

Question 7

Alkanes

Question 8

Alkenes

Question 9

Alkynes

Question 10

Halogenoalkanes

Question 11

Ketones

Question 12

Aldehydes

Question 12

Carboxylic acids

Question 13

Alcohols

Question 14

Ethers

Question 15

Esters

Question 16

Amines

Question 17

Amides

Question 18

Nitriles

Question 19

Arenes

Question 20

Trend in boiling point of homologous series

Question 21

Trend in melting point of homologous series

Question 22

Trend in solubility in homologous series

Question 23

Isomerism

Question 24

Structural isomers

Question 25

Chain isomers

Answer 25

Straight-chain isomer:

Branched-chain isomer:

Question 26

Positional isomer

Question 27

Functional Group isomers

Question 28

Molecular formula

Question 29

Empirical formula

Question 30

Condensed structural formula

Question 31

Full structural formula

Question 32

Skeletal formula

Question 33

Partial skeletal formula

Question 34

Stereochemical formula

Question 35

Saturated vs Unsaturated

Question 36

Oxidation states

Question 37

Acid Rain

Question 38

Oxides

Question 39

Ocean acidification

Question 40

Reactions of halogens

Question 41

Electron affinity

Question 42

Group 1 (alkali metals)

Question 43

Group 17 (Halogens)