Structure 1.1 - Introduction to the Particulate Nature of Matter Flashcards
what is matter
atom
the smallest particle of an element to show the characteristic properties of that element
elements
pure chemical substance, composed of atoms w/ the same no. of protons in the atomic nucleus
compounds
mixture
contains more than one element/compound with no fixed ratio, which are not chemically bonded together
- components can be separated by physical methods
- can be homogeneous or heterogeneous
homogeneous mixtures
components of a homogenous mixture
- are in the same state
- are spread evenly through the mixture
- cannot be individually identified
heterogeneous mixtures
- non-uniform composition and properties
- examples: water, oil
- interactions between the components of a heterogeneous mixture are different in nature
- water molecules interact by hydrogen bonding and oil molecules by dispersion forces
components of heterogenous mixtures
- are not in the same state
- are not spread evenly through the mixture
- can be individually identified
Solvation + Filtration
Used to separate an undissolved solid from a mixture of the solid and a liquid / solution ( e.g. sand from a mixture of sand and water). Centrifugation can also be used for this mixture
Filter paper is placed in a filter funnel above another beaker
The mixture of insoluble solid and liquid is poured into the filter funnel
Filter paper will only allow small liquid particles to pass through in the filtrate
Solid particles are too large to pass through the filter paper so will stay behind as a residue
Recrystallization
Evaporation
Distillation
Paper Chromatography
Separating a mixture of solids
Differences in solubility can be used to separate solids
For a difference in solubility, a suitable solvent must be chosen to ensure the desired substance only dissolves in it and not other substances or impurities, e.g. to separate a mixture of sand and salt, water is a suitable solvent to dissolve the salt, but not the sand
