Structure 1.1-1.3

Question 1

Element

Answer 1

Made of atoms with the same number of protons

Question 2

Compound

Answer 2

Composed of atoms of different elements (different number of protons) and are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio

Question 3

Mixture

Answer 3

Composed of more than 1 element or compound in no fixed ratio, which are not chemically bonded together. Can be separated by physical methods, and have variable properties

Question 4

Pure substance

Answer 4

Elements and compounds Cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means. Have fixed properties

Question 5

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 5

A mixture without uniform composition and properties

Question 6

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 6

A mixture with uniform composition and properties

Question 7

Solute vs solvent

Answer 7

Solute is dissolved in solvent to form a solution of solvated ions or molecules

Question 8

Hydrated ions

Answer 8

Ions surrounded by water

Question 9

Saturated solution

Answer 9

A solution where no more solute can be dissolved at that temperature

Question 10

Solubility

Answer 10

Amount of a solute needed to form a saturated solution

Question 11

Miscible liquids

Answer 11

Liquids that form one uniform layer of homogeneous mixture

Question 12

Immiscible liquids

Answer 12

Liquids that do not mix and form 2 separate layers

Question 13

Filtration

Answer 13

Physical separation technique used on heterogeneous mixtures with an insoluble solid

Question 14

Evaporation

Answer 14

Physical separation technique used for soluble solids with difference in volatility

Question 15

Steps of recrystallisation

Answer 15

1. Shake sample with solvent and warm
2. Filter hot and throw away residue
3. Cool slowly so crystals form
4. Filter cold and keep residue
5. Wash with cold solvent to get rid of any left impurities
6. Dry product

Question 16

Distillation

Answer 16

Physical separation technique used for separating 2 miscible liquids in a homogeneous mixture with a difference in boiling point.

Question 17

Density of a substance

What density is and how it is calculated

Answer 17

Density is the mass per unit volume (g cm^-3)
Density= mass/ volume

Question 18

What is the shape of a solid?

Answer 18

Fixed in a regular, repeating lattice structure

Question 19

What is the volume of a solid?

Answer 19

Fixed

Question 20

Are solids able to flow?

Answer 20

Not usually able to flow

Question 21

What is the compressability of solids?

Answer 21

Solids are not able to compress

Question 22

What is the density of solids?

Answer 22

Solids have higher densities than gases and most liquids, except water, where the solid form is less dense than the liquid form

Question 23

What is the shape of a liquid?

Answer 23

Liquid’s shape changes- it is able to flow to match the shape of the object.
Variable shape

Question 24

What is the volume of liquids?

Answer 24

Fixed

Question 25

Are liquids able to flow?

Answer 25

Yes, they can flow easily

Question 26

Are liquids able to be compressed?

Answer 26

No, they are not able to be compressed

Question 27

What is the density of liquids?

Answer 27

Liquids generally have a lower density than solids, but a higher density than gases.
Except water, where it is denser as a liquid than a solid

Question 28

What is the shape of gases?

Answer 28

They have a variable shape, which expands to fill the container

Question 29

What is the volume of gases?

Answer 29

Variable, depending on temperature and pressure

Question 30

Are gases able to flow?

Answer 30

They are able to diffuse easily

Question 31

What is the compressibility of gases?

Answer 31

They are able to compress

Question 32

What is the density of gases?

Answer 32

Gases have the lowest density, lower than solids and gases

Question 33

What is melting?