Structural vs functional hallux limitus

Question 1

What bones make up the first ray and first metatarsophalangeal joints?

Answer 1

1st ray (medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal)
1st MTPJ (1st metatarsal, 1st proximal phalanx)

Question 2

Define structural hallux limitus. How would you test for it?

Answer 2

less than 65° of hallux dorsiflexion non-weightbearing.

Question 3

Define functional hallux limitus. How would you test for it?

Answer 3

More than 65° hallux dorsiflexion non weightbearing.

While having less than 65° dorsiflexion weightbearing.

Question 4

What factors influence functional hallux limitus?

Answer 4

Foot posture (increased pronation).
The inability for 1st ray to plantarflex.
Concave/convex rule.