structural organisation in animals Flashcards
4 types of tissue
connective
epithelial
muscular
connective
faces the environment
provides a lining or covering for some part of the body
simple epithelium
lining for body cavities, ducts and tubes
compound epithelium
multilayered, for protective functions as in our skin
squamous epithelium
flattened with irregular boundaries
functions of se
wallasof blood vessels and air sacs and form diffusuion boundaries
cuboidal epithelium
ducts of glands and tubular part of nephron
functions of ce
secretion and absorption
pct epithelium contains
microvilli
columnar epithelium
lining of stomache and help in secretion and absorption
ciliated epithelium
to move particles in a particular direction
where are ciliated epithelium found
hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes
unicellular glandular epithelium
goblet cells
multicellular glandular epithelium
salivary glands
exocrine glands
with ducts secrete mucus, saliva, earwax, mil
endocrine
ductless secrete hormones
compound epithelium
multilayerd and help in protection against chemical and mechanical stresses
connective tissue secretes which fibres
all except blood secrete collagen or elastin
functions of collagen and elastin
strenght
flexibility and elasticity
matrix between cells and fibres
modified polysaccharides
loose connective tissue eg
areolar tissue and adipose tissue
function of areolar tissue
secretes fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages.
serves as a support framework
function of areolar tissue
secretes fibroblasts, mast cells and macrophages.
serves as a support framework
adipose tissue
store fat and excess of nutrients present under the skin
tendons
dense regular tissue
specialised connective tissue
cartilage, bone and blood
where is cartilage found
tip of the nose, outer ear joints
between bones of vertebral column, limbs and hands
bones are rich in
calcium slats and collagen fibres
where are osteocysts present
lacunae
site of production of blood cells
bone marrow
blood contains
wbcs, rbc and platelets
muscle
long cylindrical fibres arranged in parallel arrays composed of many microfibrils
skeletela muscles
closely attacthed to the bone
striated
voluntary
enclosed by a sheath
smooth muscles
fusiform
non striated
involuntary
site of smooth muscles
blood vessels, stomache and interstine
Function of neurological cell
Protect and support neurons
most common frog
rana tigrina
dorsal side
olive green with dark irregular spots
ventral side
pale yellow
nictating membrane
protects the eyes while they are underwater
hind limbs
5 digits , larger and muscular
forelimbs
4 digits
distinguishing feature of males
large vocal sac and copulatory pad on the first digit of the fore limb
alimentary canal is short
frogs are carnivores
correct order of respiratory and digestive system
mouth-buccal cavity-pharynx-oesophagus-stomache-intestine-rectum-cloaca
partially digested food
chyme
first part of small interstine
duodenum
where does final digestion take place
intestine
respiration in the water
cutaneous respiration through simple diffusion
respiration on land
cutaneous respiration, lungs and buccal cavity
vascular system
well developed cloased type
blood vascular system includes
blood, heart and blood vessels
lymph includes
lymph nodes lymph and lymphatic chanels
membrane covering the heart
pericardium
triangle structure
sinus venosus
where does the venticle open up
conus arteriousus
hepatic portal system
liver and small intestine
renal portal system
kidney and lower parts of the body
what does excretory system consist of
well developed kidneys, ureter, cloaca and urinary bladder
kidneys are composed of
uriniferous tubules and nephrons
what is ureter called in males
urogenital duct
urinary bladder is present
ventral
control and coordination
highly evolved nervous system and endocrine glands
