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RS booshit > structural interpretation of aerial photographs > Flashcards

structural interpretation of aerial photographs Flashcards

1
Q

6 aspects of bedding attitude

A

bed, bedding plane, dip, azimuth, strike, talus

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2
Q

sedimentary stratum greater than 10mm,

lesser than 10mm?

A

> 10mm = bed
< 10mm = laminae

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3
Q

surface that separates and represents the contact between two beds

A

bedding plane

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4
Q

angle between the horizontal surface and the bed

A

dip

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5
Q

angular distance from the magnetic north

A

azimuth

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6
Q

direction of the line formed by the intersection of a planar structure and the horizontal

A

strike

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7
Q

outward sloping and accumulated heap or mass of rock fragments of any size or shape (usually coarse and angular) derived from and lying at the base of a cliff or very steep, rocky slope, and formed chiefly by gravitational falling, rolling, or sliding

A

talus

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8
Q

important factors to classify a pile of sediments as talus

A

-usually coarse and angular
-at the base of a cliff or very steep rocky slope
-from gravitational falling, rolling or sliding

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9
Q

appear as linear features on aerial photographs

A

beds

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10
Q

how do beds occur as?

A

a group of persistent linear ridges

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11
Q

what orientation do beds follow?

A

parallelism

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12
Q

abrupt termination of beds indicate what

A

fault

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13
Q

3 groups of beds based on degree of dip

A
  1. horizontal and gently dipping beds
  2. medium dipping beds
  3. steep and vertical dipping beds
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14
Q

how are horizontal and gently dipping beds distinguished

A

by tonal contrast and different resistance to erosion

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15
Q

horizontal and gently dipping bed bands are parallel to what

A

to the topographic contours with loop like shapes

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16
Q

drainage pattern of horizontal and gently dipping beds

A

dendritic

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17
Q

can horizontal and gently dipping beds always be observed?

A

yes until obliterated by talus

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18
Q

how are bedding in medium dipping beds expressed?

A

by bands of differing photographic tone or topographic breaks in slope due to resistance of beds

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19
Q

compare how resistant beds and less resistant beds appear

A

resistant beds are thinner

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20
Q

what part of the attitude can you determine using beds

A

dip angle, direction and strike

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21
Q

a ridge with a gently dipping slope and a steeply dipping slope

A

cuesta

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22
Q

aka cuesta

A

dip-slop

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23
Q

an asymmetric ridge

A

cuesta

24
Q

the longer gentler slope of a cuesta

A

face slope

25
Q

the steeper slope of a cuesta

A

steep slope lol

26
Q

what is the use of rule of V’s for medium dipping beds

A

used to determine the direction of dip where a stream valley intersects the trace of a bed. the V points to the dip direction

27
Q

describe the relationship of the magnitude of the dip and the size of the outcrop in plan view

A

inversely proportional

28
Q

what is the diagnostic landscape for steeply dipping beds

A

hogback ridges

29
Q

sharp, straight or slightly curved ridges with the same high dipping opposing slopes

A

hogback

30
Q

describe the presence of talus on hogback riges

A

it’s often covered with talus on both sides

31
Q

describe the long axis in hogback ridges

A

parallel to the strike of the bedding

32
Q

T or F: the true thickness of vertical or nearly vertical bed cannot be measured

A

F.

33
Q

how to tell the direction of dip (criteria)

A
  1. V rule
  2. Drainage characteristics
34
Q

are the V rule and drainage characteristics applicable to all surfaces

A

no, only those where the topographic surface coincides with the bedding surfaces

35
Q

explain the rule of V, and how the V’s look like in steep vs gentle dips

A
  • the apex of the V points to the dip direction
  • the V is narrower and longer in gently dipping beds (less dip angle)
  • the V is wider and shorter for medium and steep dipping beds
36
Q

describe the V when the slope is following the face slope

A

when the slope is following the face slope, the apex of the V points downstream (and looks thinner)

37
Q

describe the V when the slope is following the steep slope

A

when the slope is following the steep slope, the apex of the V points upstream (and looks thicker)

38
Q

how do beds cut by streams in plan view look like if the beds are vertical

A

horizontal

39
Q

what cuesta slopes are shown if the tributary system is relatively long

A

face slope (gentle)

40
Q

what cuesta slope is shown if tributary systems are short

A

back slopes (steep slopes)

41
Q

what type of slope characterize high drainage density

A

steep slopes/dips

42
Q

why is drainage density higher in steeper slopes

A

because streams are usually parallel and do not combine, compared to gentler slopes that end up joining

43
Q

form zig-zag shape of V shape patterns in aerial photos

A

folds

44
Q

appears as V shaped outcrop pattern with the apex (or nose) pointing in the direction of plunge

A

plunging anticline

45
Q

for plunging synclines, what part of the fold points to the direction of plunge

A

the opening of the limbs

46
Q

in aerial photos how can you tell if the fold is a syncline or anticline

A

based on the drainage pattern

47
Q

circular/elliptical outcrop with beds dipping away from the central area

A

dome

48
Q

when a dome is eroded, describe the relative ages of beds you can see from the center outward

A

oldest at center, progressively younger outward

49
Q

drainage pattern of domes

A

radial

50
Q

if a dome is dissected by stream erosion describe the orientation of the Vs

A

outward from center

51
Q

elliptical/circular outcrop pattern with beds dipping toward a central area

A

basin

52
Q

describe the relative ages of the beds in basins

A

younger at center

53
Q

if a dome is dissected by stream erosion, where does the V point to

A

to the center of basin

54
Q

appear as lines or zones of displacement that abruptly offset structures and terminate contacts between formations

A

fault patterns

55
Q

generally dip at low angle and appear as zigzag irregular trace

A

thrust faults

RS booshit (5 decks)

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