Structural Design

Question 1

Constructing a high-rise building requires concrete that can easily be pumped. What type of admixture in
concrete the contractor will provide which can reduce the requirement of mixing water and produce a
flowing concrete that does not segregate and needs very little vibration?

Answer 1

Plasticizer

Question 2

What is the weight of 1 cu. m. of steel?

Answer 2

7850

Question 3

If a structure is judged under the condition either to be no longer useful for its intended function or to
unsafe, it has reached its __________.

Answer 3

Limit state

Question 4

Forces that act parallel to each other (offset to each other, a distance “d” apart), of the same magnitude but
opposite in direction.

Answer 4

Couple

Question 5

A pit dug in the basement floor during excavation made to collect water into which a pump is placed to
pump the liquid to the sewer pipe.

Answer 5

Sump

Question 6

A phenomenon of failure or damage that may result in sudden and brittle fracture of a ductile material due
to reversals of stresses applied to a body repeatedly or a great number of times.

Answer 6

Metal fatigue

Question 7

A type of gunite mixed with an accelerating admixture with aggregate larger than 10mm originally sprayed
under high air pressure of lining tunnels.

Answer 7

Shotcrete

Question 8

The records of test materials and of concrete must be preserved after the completion of the project for at
least _______.

Answer 8

2 years

Question 9

This is essentially a vertical truss system provided to resist lateral forces of a building.

Answer 9

Braced Frame

Question 10

Hospitals, Communication Centers, and others, which are necessary for emergency post-earthquake
operations, are classified as _________.

Answer 10

Essential Facilities

Question 11

Floors in office buildings and in other buildings where partition locations are subject to change shall be
designed to support in addition to all other loads, a uniformly distributed load equal to ______.

Answer 11

100Pa

Question 12

A particular type of pin-connected tension member of uniform thickness with forged loop or head of greater
width than the body, which is proportioned to provide approximately equal strength both in the head and the
body.

Answer 12

Eeyebar

Question 13

A three-dimensional spatial structure made up of one or more curved slabs or folded plates whose
thicknesses are small compared to their other dimensions.

Answer 13

Thin-shell

Question 14

It refers to a piece or pair of diagonal braces to resist wind or other horizontal forces on a building.

Answer 14

Sway brace

Question 15

Referring to any artificial method of strengthening the soil to reduce its shrinkage and ensure that it will not
move. Common methods are mixing the soil with cement or compaction

Answer 15

Soil stabilization

Question 16

This is a secondary effect on shears and especially moments of frame members induced by vertical loads
acting on laterally displaced building frame.

Answer 16

P – delta effect

Question 17

A storey whose strength is less than 80% of the strength of the storey above is considered as _________.

Answer 17

Weak Storey

Question 18

A horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical resisting system
including the horizontal bracing system.

Answer 18

Diaphgram

Question 19

This is designed as special foundation for intense column loads on a platform consisting usually of two
layers of rolled steel joists, one on top of other, at right angles.

Answer 19

Grillage foundation

Question 20

It is the moment on the structure as a whole at any given level, due to wind or seismic lateral forces that
may cause the structure to tip over and lose its stability.

Answer 20

Overturning moment

Question 21

The behavior of sandy soil to weaken its capacity to carry imposed loads when subjected to vibration such
as earthquake particularly when water table saturates this layer.

Answer 21

Liquefaction

Question 22

22. For any given granular material, the steepest angle with the horizontal, a heaped soil surface will make in
    normal condition that will not slide.

Answer 22

Angle of repose

Question 23

It is a long, straight beam which by the insertion of two hinges in alternate spans, functions essentially as a
cantilever beam.

Answer 23

Gerber beam

Question 24

It is a beam especially provided over an opening for a door or window to carry the wall over the opening.

Answer 24

Lintel beam

Question 25

An instrument which measures the actual displacement of the ground with respect to a stationary point
during an earthquake.

Answer 25

Seismograph

Question 26

A revetment consisting of rough stones of various sizes placed compactly to protect the banks or bed of a
river from the eroding effects of the flowing water.

Answer 26

Riprap

Question 27

The upward pressure against the bottom of the basement floor of a structure or road slab caused by the
presence of water.

Answer 27

Uplift pressure

Question 28

It is a beam type supported by a hinge/roller at one end and the other end is projecting beyond a fixed
support.

Answer 28

Semi-continuous beam

Question 29

The load at which a perfectly straight member under compression assumes a deflected position.

Answer 29

Buckling load

Question 30

It is a point within the structure at which a member (beam/column) can rotate slightly but sufficiently to
eliminate all bending moment in the member at that point.

Answer 30

Hinge