STRUCTURAL (CONGENITAL/ACQUIRED)

Question 1

What are the three orbit disorders under structural:
(AMC)

Answer 1

-Anophthalmia, Microphthalmia, Craniosynostosis

Question 2

it is the total absence of tissues of the eye

Answer 2

Anophthalmia

Question 3

True or False: there are four types of anophthalmia

Answer 3

False; there three types of anophthalmia

Question 4

What are the three types of Anophthalmia?

Answer 4

primary anophthalmia, secondary anophthalmia, consecutive anophthalmia

Question 5

A type of anophthalmia that is rare and bilateral

Answer 5

Primary Anophthalmia

Question 6

Fill in the blanks: _________ _________ occurs when the optic vesicle fails to grow out from _________ ________ at ___mm-____mm stage of _____________ development

Answer 6

Primary Anophthalmia; Cerebral Vesicle; 2mm to 7mm; embryonic

Question 7

It is a type of Anophthalmia that is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire anterior portion of the neural tube

Answer 7

Secondary Anophthalmia

Question 8

it is a type of Anophthalmia that presumably results from an atrophy or secondary degeneration of the optic vesicle

Answer 8

Consecutive Anophthalmia

Question 9

True or False: Secondary Anophthalmia is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire posterior portion of the neural nerve

Answer 9

False; It is a type of Anophthalmia that is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire ANTERIOR portion of the neural TUBE

Question 10

Which is true about the Consecutive Anophthalmia
a. presumably results from an atrophy or secondary degeneration of the optic nerve
b. it is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire anterior portion of the neural tube
c. it is rare and bilateral
d. All are true
e. None of the above

Answer 10

Answer: None of the above

Question 11

Which is true about the Consecutive Anophthalmia
a. presumably results from an atrophy or secondary degeneration of the optic vesicle
b. it is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire anterior portion of the neural tube
c. it is rare and bilateral
d. All are true
e. None of the above

Answer 11

Answer: A

Question 12

Much more common than anophthalmia

Answer 12

: Microphthalmia

Question 13

Choose what describes the microphthalmia the best:
a. rare compared to anophthalmia
b. The presence of a small eye that arises after birth.
c. one eyeball is abnormally small
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

Answer 13

E

Question 14

True or False: Microphthalmia is the presence of a small eye that arises before birth. Either one or both eyeballs are abnormally small

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Eye conditions associated with Microphthalmia:
(CCM)

Answer 15

-coloboma, cataract, microcornea

Question 16

When the normal tissue around the eye is missing

Answer 16

:Coloboma

Question 17

A cloudy area in the lens of the eye

Answer 17

:Cataract

Question 18

When the clear outer layer at the front of the eye is small and unusually curved

Answer 18

: microcornea

Question 19

All of these are causes of Microphthalmia, except:
a. Changes in genes
b. Taking certain medicines during pregnancy (Isotretinoin and Thalidomide)
c. Coming into contact with harmful things in the environment
d. caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire portion of the neural tube

Answer 19

D

Question 20

It is a medication that is used to treat severe acne

Answer 20

Isotretinoin

Question 21

It is a medication that is used for certain skin problems and some type of cancer

Answer 21

Thalidomide

Question 22

One of the causes of Microphthalmia is coming into contact with harmful things in the environment. Enumerate it.
(XCD-PRV)

Answer 22

X-rays, Chemicals, Drugs, Pesticides, Radiation, Viruses

Question 23

treatment for microphthalmia begins shortly after _______

Answer 23

birth

Question 24

Treatment in microphthalmia has 4 categories. Enumerate it. (wa ko kabalo unsa iquestion basta kato four)
DPPS

Answer 24

Devices, Protective eyewear, patching, surgery

Question 25

conformers and prosthetic eyes are under? a. devices b. protective wear c. patching d. surgery

Answer 25

A

Question 26

wearing prescription glasses and safety googles to protect the good seeing eye from injury is under? a. devices b. protective wear c. patching d. surgery

Answer 26

B

Question 27

children with microphthalmia may still have some vision in their smaller eye. wearing a patch on their eye may help strengthen the vision in the smaller eye by forcing the brain to use it to see a. devices b. protective wear c. patching d. surgery

Answer 27

C

Question 28

to make the socket bigger, to fill out the eye socket, or to help devices fit better; to treat other eye problems, like cataract a. devices b. protective wear c. patching d. surgery

Answer 28

D

Question 29

Craniosynostosis is a birth defect in which the bones of the _______ join together too _______

Answer 29

skull; early

Question 30

______________ is a premature closure of ___ or more sutures in the bones of the skull and results in various skeletal _______, including ___________ ____________

Answer 30

Craniosynostosis; 1; deformities; orbital defects

Question 31

Types of Craniosynostosis (SCLM)

Answer 31

Sagittal Synostosis Coronal Synostosis Lambdoid Synostosis Metopic Synostosis

Question 32

the most common type of craniosynostosis

Answer 32

Sagittal Synostosis

Question 33

The sagittal suture runs along the top of the head, from the baby's soft spot near the front of the head to the back of the head

Answer 33

Sagittal Synostosis

Question 34

the baby's head grows long and narrow

Answer 34

scaphocephaly

Question 35

the right and left sutures run from each ear to the sagittal suture at the top of the head.

Answer 35

Coronal Synostosis

Question 36

when one of these sutures closes too early, the baby may have a flattened forehead on the side of the skull that closed early (___________ __________)

Answer 36

anterior plagiocephaly

Question 37

second most common type of Craniosynostosis

Answer 37

Coronal Synostosis

Question 38

True or False: In coronal synostosis, the baby's eye socket on that side may raise up and his or her nose could be pulled in the opposite side.

Answer 38

False; The baby's eye socket on that side may raise up and his or her nose could be pulled TOWARD THAT SIDE.

Question 39

this type of craniosynostosis occurs when the coronal sutures on the both sides of the baby's head close roo early.

Answer 39

Bicoronal Synostosis

Question 40

the baby's head will go broad and short (__________)

Answer 40

brachycephaly

Question 41

lambdoid sutures run along the backside of the head

Answer 41

lambdoid synostosis

Question 42

if this suture closes too early, the baby's head may be flatted on the back side (__________ __________)

Answer 42

posterior plagiocephaly

Question 43

runs from the baby's nose to the sagittal suture at the top of the head

Answer 43

Metopic Synostosis

Question 44

if this sutures close too early, the top of the baby's head shape may look triangular, narrow in the front and broad in the back (__________)

Answer 44

trigonocephaly

Question 45

the rarest type of craniosynostosis

Answer 45

lambdoid synostosis and metopic synostosis

Question 46

Opthalmic Problems of Craniosynostosis (SAPENA)

Answer 46

Strabismus Astigmatism Ptosis Exophthalmos Nasolacrimal duct obstruction Amblyopia

Question 47

Causes and Risk Factors (GEMM)

Answer 47

-Genetic -Environmental -Medications used during pregnancy (fertility medication) -Maternal thyroid disease

Question 48

women who are treated for thyroid disease while they are pregnant

Answer 48

Maternal Thyroid Disease

Question 49

True or False: diagnosis of Craniosynostosis is usually diagnosed soon after a baby is born

Answer 49

True

Question 50

Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis (ANAS)

Answer 50

-abnormally shaped skull (first sign) -no "soft spot" on the baby's skull -a raised firm edge where the sutures closed early -slow growth or no growth in the baby's head size over time

Question 51

Treatment of Craniosynostosis: Surgery (usually performed during the ______ year of life) -meant to _______ pressure on the brain -correct ________ -allow the brain to ______ properly

Answer 51

1. First 2. relieve 3. craniosynostosis 4. grow