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Ocular Disease (Orbit) > STRUCTURAL (CONGENITAL/ACQUIRED) > Flashcards

STRUCTURAL (CONGENITAL/ACQUIRED) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three orbit disorders under structural:
(AMC)

A

-Anophthalmia, Microphthalmia, Craniosynostosis

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2
Q

it is the total absence of tissues of the eye

A

Anophthalmia

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3
Q

True or False: there are four types of anophthalmia

A

False; there three types of anophthalmia

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4
Q

What are the three types of Anophthalmia?

A

primary anophthalmia, secondary anophthalmia, consecutive anophthalmia

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5
Q

A type of anophthalmia that is rare and bilateral

A

Primary Anophthalmia

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6
Q

Fill in the blanks: _________ _________ occurs when the optic vesicle fails to grow out from _________ ________ at ___mm-____mm stage of _____________ development

A

Primary Anophthalmia; Cerebral Vesicle; 2mm to 7mm; embryonic

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7
Q

It is a type of Anophthalmia that is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire anterior portion of the neural tube

A

Secondary Anophthalmia

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8
Q

it is a type of Anophthalmia that presumably results from an atrophy or secondary degeneration of the optic vesicle

A

Consecutive Anophthalmia

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9
Q

True or False: Secondary Anophthalmia is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire posterior portion of the neural nerve

A

False; It is a type of Anophthalmia that is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire ANTERIOR portion of the neural TUBE

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10
Q

Which is true about the Consecutive Anophthalmia
a. presumably results from an atrophy or secondary degeneration of the optic nerve
b. it is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire anterior portion of the neural tube
c. it is rare and bilateral
d. All are true
e. None of the above

A

Answer: None of the above

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11
Q

Which is true about the Consecutive Anophthalmia
a. presumably results from an atrophy or secondary degeneration of the optic vesicle
b. it is caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire anterior portion of the neural tube
c. it is rare and bilateral
d. All are true
e. None of the above

A

Answer: A

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12
Q

Much more common than anophthalmia

A

: Microphthalmia

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13
Q

Choose what describes the microphthalmia the best:
a. rare compared to anophthalmia
b. The presence of a small eye that arises after birth.
c. one eyeball is abnormally small
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

A

E

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14
Q

True or False: Microphthalmia is the presence of a small eye that arises before birth. Either one or both eyeballs are abnormally small

A

True

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15
Q

Eye conditions associated with Microphthalmia:
(CCM)

A

-coloboma, cataract, microcornea

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16
Q

When the normal tissue around the eye is missing

A

:Coloboma

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17
Q

A cloudy area in the lens of the eye

A

:Cataract

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18
Q

When the clear outer layer at the front of the eye is small and unusually curved

A

: microcornea

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19
Q

All of these are causes of Microphthalmia, except:
a. Changes in genes
b. Taking certain medicines during pregnancy (Isotretinoin and Thalidomide)
c. Coming into contact with harmful things in the environment
d. caused by the complete suppression or grossly anomalous development of the entire portion of the neural tube

A

D

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20
Q

It is a medication that is used to treat severe acne

A

Isotretinoin

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21
Q

It is a medication that is used for certain skin problems and some type of cancer

A

Thalidomide

22
Q

One of the causes of Microphthalmia is coming into contact with harmful things in the environment. Enumerate it.
(XCD-PRV)

A

X-rays, Chemicals, Drugs, Pesticides, Radiation, Viruses

23
Q

treatment for microphthalmia begins shortly after _______

A

birth

24
Q

Treatment in microphthalmia has 4 categories. Enumerate it. (wa ko kabalo unsa iquestion basta kato four)
DPPS

A

Devices, Protective eyewear, patching, surgery

25
Q

conformers and prosthetic eyes are under?

a. devices
b. protective wear
c. patching
d. surgery

A

A

26
Q

wearing prescription glasses and safety googles to protect the good seeing eye from injury is under?

a. devices
b. protective wear
c. patching
d. surgery

A

B

27
Q

children with microphthalmia may still have some vision in their smaller eye. wearing a patch on their eye may help strengthen the vision in the smaller eye by forcing the brain to use it to see

a. devices
b. protective wear
c. patching
d. surgery

A

C

28
Q

to make the socket bigger, to fill out the eye socket, or to help devices fit better; to treat other eye problems, like cataract

a. devices
b. protective wear
c. patching
d. surgery

A

D

29
Q

Craniosynostosis is a birth defect in which the bones of the _______ join together too _______

A

skull; early

30
Q

______________ is a premature closure of ___ or more sutures in the bones of the skull and results in various skeletal _______, including ___________ ____________

A

Craniosynostosis; 1; deformities; orbital defects

31
Q

Types of Craniosynostosis
(SCLM)

A

Sagittal Synostosis
Coronal Synostosis
Lambdoid Synostosis
Metopic Synostosis

32
Q

the most common type of craniosynostosis

A

Sagittal Synostosis

33
Q

The sagittal suture runs along the top of the head, from the baby’s soft spot near the front of the head to the back of the head

A

Sagittal Synostosis

34
Q

the baby’s head grows long and narrow

A

scaphocephaly

35
Q

the right and left sutures run from each ear to the sagittal suture at the top of the head.

A

Coronal Synostosis

36
Q

when one of these sutures closes too early, the baby may have a flattened forehead on the side of the skull that closed early (___________ __________)

A

anterior plagiocephaly

37
Q

second most common type of Craniosynostosis

A

Coronal Synostosis

38
Q

True or False: In coronal synostosis, the baby’s eye socket on that side may raise up and his or her nose could be pulled in the opposite side.

A

False; The baby’s eye socket on that side may raise up and his or her nose could be pulled TOWARD THAT SIDE.

39
Q

this type of craniosynostosis occurs when the coronal sutures on the both sides of the baby’s head close roo early.

A

Bicoronal Synostosis

40
Q

the baby’s head will go broad and short (__________)

A

brachycephaly

41
Q

lambdoid sutures run along the backside of the head

A

lambdoid synostosis

42
Q

if this suture closes too early, the baby’s head may be flatted on the back side (__________ __________)

A

posterior plagiocephaly

43
Q

runs from the baby’s nose to the sagittal suture at the top of the head

A

Metopic Synostosis

44
Q

if this sutures close too early, the top of the baby’s head shape may look triangular, narrow in the front and broad in the back (__________)

A

trigonocephaly

45
Q

the rarest type of craniosynostosis

A

lambdoid synostosis and metopic synostosis

46
Q

Opthalmic Problems of Craniosynostosis
(SAPENA)

A

Strabismus
Astigmatism
Ptosis
Exophthalmos
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Amblyopia

47
Q

Causes and Risk Factors
(GEMM)

A

-Genetic
-Environmental
-Medications used during pregnancy (fertility medication)
-Maternal thyroid disease

48
Q

women who are treated for thyroid disease while they are pregnant

A

Maternal Thyroid Disease

49
Q

True or False: diagnosis of Craniosynostosis is usually diagnosed soon after a baby is born

A

True

50
Q

Diagnosis of Craniosynostosis
(ANAS)

A

-abnormally shaped skull (first sign)
-no “soft spot” on the baby’s skull
-a raised firm edge where the sutures closed early
-slow growth or no growth in the baby’s head size over time

51
Q

Treatment of Craniosynostosis:
Surgery (usually performed during the ______ year of life)
-meant to _______ pressure on the brain
-correct ________
-allow the brain to ______ properly

A
  1. First
  2. relieve
  3. craniosynostosis
  4. grow

Ocular Disease (Orbit) (3 decks)

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