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Musculoskeletal > STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

NAME the bones of the pelvic girdle and principle markings.
a. Two hip bones that are each composed of
(1) ______
—(a) Largest, most superior
–(b) Landmarks include:
—–1) ASIS
—–2) PSIS
(2) ______
—(a) Lowest posterior part
—–1) “Sit bone”
(3) ______
—(a) Lower anterior portion

A

1) Ilium
2) Ischium
3) Pubis

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2
Q

________ forms the socket for the head of the femur

A

Acetabulum

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3
Q

________ forms the socket for the head of the femur

A

Acetabulum

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4
Q

What is this
(1) Formed by articulation of the ischium and pubis
(2) Largest foramen in the body

A

Obturator foramen

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5
Q

What muscles?
Flexes and rotates thigh laterally

A

-Psoas major
-Iliacus

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6
Q

What muscle?
(1) Extends and rotates thigh laterally
(2) Helps lock knee in extension

A

Gluteus maximus

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7
Q

What muscle?
Abducts and rotates thigh medially

A

Gluteus medius

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8
Q

What muscle?
(1) Flexes and abducts thigh at hip joint
(2) Helps lock knee in extension

A

Tensor fascia latae

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9
Q

What muscle?
Adducts, rotates, and flexes thigh at hip joint

A

Adductor longus

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10
Q

What muscle?
Adducts, flexes, rotates, and extends thigh at the hip joint

A

Adductor magnus

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11
Q

What muscle?
External rotation of thigh laterally and abducts

A

Piriformis

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12
Q

What muscle?
Flexes and adducts thigh

A

Pectineus

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13
Q

What bone?
(1) Very large and heavy. Strongest bone in the body.
(2) Head articulates with the acetabulum
(3) Articulates with the patella and tibia at distal end

A

Femur

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14
Q

What part of the Femur
Projection from femur at the side of the hip

A

Greater trochanter

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15
Q

What bone?
(1) Develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle
(2) Functions to:
–(a) Provides leverage for the quadriceps muscle
–(b) Protect the knee

A

Patella

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16
Q

What bone
Larger, medial, weight bearing bone of the lower leg
-Forms medial malleolus at the distal end

A

Tibia

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17
Q

What part of the tibia
Attachment site for the patella ligament

A

Tibial tuberosity

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18
Q

What bone
(1) None weight bearing bone lateral to the tibia
(2) Attaches to the tibia via the interosseous membrane
(3) Forms lateral malleolus at the distal end

A

Fibula

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19
Q

What ligament
(1) Extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity
(2) Strengthens anterior surface of the knee

A

Patellar ligament

20
Q

What Ligament?
Strengthens the medial aspect of the knee

A

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

21
Q

What Ligament?
Strengthens the lateral aspect of the knee

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

22
Q

What Ligament?
(1) Extends posteriorly and laterally from the tibia to femur
(2) Limits hyperextension of the knee and prevents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

23
Q

What Ligament?
(1) Extends anteriorly and medially from the tibia to the femur
(2) Prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur

A

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

24
Q

______ are fibrocartilage discs that fit between tibial and femoral condyles

A

Menisci

25
Q

What are the Sac filled structures filled with fluid and reduce friction

A

Bursae

26
Q

What are the Bursae in the knee

A

Prepatellar
Pen anserine
Infrapatellar
Suprapatellar

27
Q

What leg muscles
Adduct the femur

A

Adductor magnus / adductor longus / pectineus

28
Q

What leg muscle
(1) Extends the knee
(2) Flexes the hip
(a) Located anterior to other quadriceps muscles

A

Rectus femoris

29
Q

What leg muscles
Extend the knee

A

Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius

30
Q

What leg muscle
1) Flexes the knee
(2) Weakly flexes the hip
(3) Abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

A

Sartorius

31
Q

What leg muscle
(1) Adducts and medially rotates thigh
(2) Flexes leg at the knee

A

Gracilis

32
Q

What leg muscle
(1) Flexes the knee
(2) Weakly flexes the hip
(3) Abducts and laterally rotates the thigh

A

Sartorius

33
Q

What leg muscle
(1) Extends thigh at the hip
(2) Flexes the leg at the knee joint

A

Biceps femoris (hamstrings)

34
Q

What leg muscles
(1) Extends the thigh at the hip
(2) Flexes leg at the knee

A

Semitendinosis
Semimembranosis

35
Q

What structure?
(1) Formed by distal end of tibia and fibula
(2) Tibia forms the medial malleolus
(3) Fibula forms the lateral malleolus

A

Ankle mortis

36
Q

What are the bones of the ankle (tarsals)

A

(1) Large talus (ankle bone)
(2) Calcaneus (heel bone)
(3) Cuboid (lateral)
(4) Navicular (medial)
(5) Cuneiforms (numbered 1-3 medial to lateral)

37
Q

ligaments of the ankle.
Extends from talus to fibula

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

38
Q

ligaments of the ankle.
Extends from calcaneus to fibula

A

Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

39
Q

ligaments of the ankle
Extends from talus to fibula

A

Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)

40
Q

Deltoid ligaments
(a) _____ ligaments fused into one
(b) Connects the _____ to the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones

A

a) Four
b) tibia

41
Q

muscles that move the foot
Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

A

Tibialis anterior

42
Q

muscles that move the foot
(1) Dorsiflexes and everts the foot
(2) Extends toes

A

Extensor digitorum longus

43
Q

muscles that move the foot
(1) Plantarflexes and everts foot

A

Fibularis longus

44
Q

muscles that move the foot
(1) Plantarflexes foot
(2) Flexes leg at the knee

A

Gastrocneumius

45
Q

muscles that move the foot
Plantarflexes foot

A

Soleus

46
Q

muscles that move the foot
Plantarflexes and inverts foot

A

Tibialis posterior

47
Q

muscles that move the foot
(1) Plantarflexes foot
(2) Flexes toes

A

Flexor digitorum longus

Musculoskeletal (29 decks)

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