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Norm Radd 2 > Structural Analysis > Flashcards

Structural Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the S-I normal range and average of the Sella Turcica?

A

Normal average: 4-12 mm

Average: 8mm

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2
Q

What is the normal range of the atlantodental interval in adults?

A

1-3mm

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3
Q

What is the normal range of the atlantodental interspace in children?

A

1-5mm

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4
Q

What should George’s line look like?

A

A smooth, continuous line down the posterior portions of the vertebral bodies.

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5
Q

What is the posterior cervical line?

A

line drawn parallel to the posterior to the vertebral bodies at the most convex portion of the spinolaminar junction lines to observe the condition of the cervical spine.

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6
Q

Abnormalities in the sagittal demensions of the spinal canal may indicate what?

A

Space occupying lesion

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7
Q

Name for the space located at C1-C3

A

Retropharyngeal Interspace

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8
Q

What is the name of the space located at the levels of C4-C5?

A

Retrolaryngeal Interspace

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9
Q

What is the name of the space located at the levels of C6-C7

A

Retrotracheal Interspace

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10
Q

What is the A-P normal range and average of the sella turcica?

A

range: 5-16 mm
average: 11mm

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11
Q

The Retropharyngeal interspace should not be larger than…

A

7mm

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12
Q

The Retrotracheal Interspace should not be larger than…

A

22mm

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13
Q

What is the Basilar Angle?

A

An angle drawn from the frontal/nasal junction to the center of the sella turcica, and a second line from the center of the sella turcica to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum.

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14
Q

What is the normal range of the Basilar angle?

A

123-152 degrees

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15
Q

What does an abnormally large basilar angle indicate?

A

Platybasia

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16
Q

What is MrGregor’s Line?

A

A line drawn from the superior/posterior aspect of the hard palate to the inferior aspect of the occiput. You need to measure the amount of the dens above the line.

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17
Q

What is the maximum amount of the dens that can be above McGregor’s line for males?

A

Not greater that 8mm

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18
Q

What was the maximum amount of the dens that can be above McGregor’s line for females?

A

not greater than 10mm

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19
Q

An abnormal finding with McGregor’s line would indicate…

A

Platybasia

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20
Q

What is Chamberlain’s Line?

A

A line drawn from the posterior aspect of the hard palate to the posterior aspect of the foramen magnum. You measure the amount of the dens above the line.

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21
Q

What is the normal for Chamberlain’s line?

A

No more than 3 mm of the dens above the line

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22
Q

An abnormal finding with Chamberlain’s line would indicate…

A

Platybasia

23
Q

What is Macrae’s line?

A

The first part is drawn from the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum to the posterior aspect of the foramen magnum.. The second part is drawn perpendicular to the first line at the apex of the odontoid process.

24
Q

What is the normal for Macrae’s line?

A

The occipital bone should extend below the line across the foramen magnum if not..indicates: Platybasia. The apex of the dens should be located in the anterior 1/4 of the foramen magnum, if not…indicates: Fracture/ dislocation of the dens.

25
Q

What is Cobb/Lippman?

A
  1. ) a line parallel to the superior vertebral endplate of the superior extreme segment of the scoliosis
  2. ) a line parallel to the inferior vertebral endplate of the inferior extreme segment of the scoliosis
  3. ) Perpendicular line to these two lines on the concave side. Measure the angle.
26
Q

What are the indications for Cobb/Lippman?

A

0-20 degrees= observe for progression
20-40 degrees= bracing
over 40 degrees= surgical intervention

27
Q

What are Risser/ Ferguson lines?

A
  1. ) An “X” drawn across the superior extreme segment of the scoliosis
  2. ) An “X” drawn across the inferior extreme segment of the scoliosis
  3. ) An ‘X” drawn across the apex of the scoliosis
  4. ) A line drawn connecting the midpoint of the “X” of the superior extreme and the scoliosis
  5. ) A line drawn connecting the midpoint of the “X” of the inferior extreme and the midpoint of the “X” of the apex of the scoliosis.
  6. ) Measure the angle
28
Q

How do you find cervical lordosis?

A
  1. ) place a dot in the center of the anterior tubercle
  2. ) place a dot in the center of the posterior tubercle
  3. ) draw a line through these dots
  4. ) draw a line parallel to the inferior vertebral endplate of C-7
  5. ) draw perpendicular lines to these two lines on the concave side. Measure the angle.
29
Q

What is the normal range and average for cervical lordosis?

A

Normal range: 35-45 degrees

Average: 40 degrees

30
Q

How do you find thoracic kyphosis?

A
  1. ) Draw a line parallel to the superior vertebral endplate of T1.
  2. ) Draw a line parallel to the inferior vertebral endplate of T12.
  3. ) Draw perpendicular lines to these two line on the concave side.
  4. ) measure the angle
31
Q

Things to remember about thoracic kyphosis….

A
  1. ) angles vary by age groups
  2. ) angles increase with age
  3. ) angles increase more rapidly in females
32
Q

How do you find lumbar lordosis?

A
  1. ) draw a line parallel to the superior vertebral endplate of L1
  2. ) draw a line parallel to the superior vertebral endplate of S1
  3. ) draw perpendicular lines to these two lines on the concave side.
  4. ) Measure the angle
33
Q

What are the normal range and average for lumbar lordosis?

A

Range: 50-60 degrees

Average: 55 degrees

34
Q

How do you find sacral inclination?

A
  1. ) draw a line tangent to the posterior aspect of S-1
  2. ) draw a line parallel to the side of the film at the superior/ posterior aspect of S1
  3. ) measure the angle
35
Q

What are the normal range and average for sacral inclination?

A

Range: 30-72 degrees
Average: 46 degrees

36
Q

How do you find lumbosacral angle?

A
  1. ) Draw a line parallel to the superior verebral endplate of S1
  2. ) Draw a line parallel to the top of the film at the anterior/superior aspect of S1
  3. ) Measure the angle
37
Q

What are the normal average and range of lumbosacral angle?

A

range: 26-57 degrees
average: 41 degrees

38
Q

How do you find lumbosacral disc angle?

A
  1. ) draw a line parallel to the superior vertebral endplate of S1
  2. ) draw a line parallel to the inferior vertebral endplate of the last lumbar
  3. ) Measure the angle
39
Q

What is the normal range of Lumbosacral disc angle and what do angles outside of the ranges indicate?

A

Range: 10-15 degrees
Angles less than 10 degrees: disc herniation
Angles greater than 15 degrees: facet impaction

40
Q

How do you find Ullman’s line?

A
  1. ) draw a line parallel to the superior vertebral endplate of S1
  2. ) Draw a perpendicular line to the first line, at the anterior most aspect of S1.
  3. ) Evaluate if the last lumbar has crossed the perpendicular line.
41
Q

What does it indicate if the last lumbar crosses the perpendicular line in Ullmann’s line?

A

Spondylolisthesis

42
Q

How do measure hip joint width?

A

Measure from the femur head to the acetabular ridge at three levels:

  1. ) Superior: superior most aspect
  2. ) Axial: at a 45 degree angle
  3. ) Medial: same as teardrop distance
43
Q

What are the normal findings for the hip joint width?

A

Superior and axial usually measure 4mm, but should be equal to each other. Medial (same as teardrop) should be double the amount of the superior and axial

44
Q

How do you find Shenton’s line?

A

Draw a line along the inferior aspect of the femoral neck to the superior aspect of the obturator foramen.

45
Q

What are the normal findings of Shenton’s line?

A

The line should create a smooth arc

46
Q

How do you find the femoral angle?

A
  1. ) Draw a line through the mid axis of the femoral shaft
  2. ) Draw a line through the mid axis of the femoral neck
  3. ) Measure the angle
47
Q

What is the normal range of Femoral Angle and what do values outside of the ranges indicate?

A

Range: 120-130 degrees
less than 120 degrees: coxa vara
greater than 130 degrees: coxa valga

48
Q

How do you find Iliofemoral Line?

A

Draw a line along the lateral aspect of the Ilium, across the joint space, along the femoral head and the femoral neck to the greater trochanter

49
Q

What is the normal findings of iliofemoral lines?

A

bilateral symmetry

50
Q

How do you find Skinner’s line?

A
  1. ) Draw a line through the mid axis of the femoral shaft

2. ) Draw a line perpendicular to the first line at the superior most aspect of the greater trochanter

51
Q

What are the normal findings for Skinner’s line?

A

the fova capitus should be above or level to the line across the greater trochanter

52
Q

How do you find Klein’s Line?

A
  1. ) Draw a line tangent to the superior aspect of the femoral neck
  2. ) Measure the amount of the femoral head above the line.
53
Q

What are the normal findings of Klein’s line?

A

Bilateral symmetry

Norm Radd 2 (1 decks)

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