structral forms Flashcards
What are the two classifications of superstructures?
Load bearing construction and framed construction
Load bearing construction transfers load through walls, while framed construction uses a skeletal frame.
What does load bearing construction include?
Solid wall construction and cavity wall construction
Most domestic construction is load bearing.
What becomes uneconomical in large buildings using load bearing construction?
About ten stones
This led to the adoption of frame construction.
What are the functional requirements of a frame in construction?
Strength and stability, fire safety, durability, freedom from maintenance
These requirements ensure the integrity and safety of the structure.
How should a building be designed to handle collapse?
It should not suffer disproportionate damage to the cause
This principle is important for safety and structural integrity.
What materials are particularly suitable for frame construction?
Steel and reinforced concrete
The selection of materials depends on the use and construction speed.
What is the impact of design on cost and material selection in frame construction?
More columns mean lower spans for beams; columns are cheaper than beams
This affects both the structural efficiency and the overall cost.
Why are joints significant in framed construction?
They provide the rigidity of the structure
Different materials may require different joint support.
What methods can be employed to increase stiffness in a structure?
Deep beams, brackets or gussets, diagonal wind bracing, constructing monolithic shear walls
These methods help withstand wide loads.
What does surface structure construction refer to?
Construction using a combination of different materials and systems for aesthetic finishes
Surface materials also have functional requirements like weather proofing.
What is cross wall construction?
A method where walls are built perpendicular to each other, creating a grid-like pattern
This construction method often doesn’t require columns or beams.
What is the purpose of a buttress?
To provide necessary weight and thickness to counteract thrusts
Commonly used in retaining walls to hold up soil pressure.
What are the advantages of structural steel frames?
- Strength
- Speed of construction
- Manufactured off site
- Most economic with floor spans in one direction
These attributes make steel frames a popular choice.
What are the advantages of timber frame structures?
- Cost effective
- Environmentally sustainable
- Flexibility of use
Timber’s elasticity and good properties enhance its suitability as a building material.
What is laminated timber?
Timber that is glued together to enhance strength
The glue contributes significantly to its strength.
What are the advantages of concrete frames?
- Cost
- Flexibility
- Most economic with floor spans in both directions
Concrete frames provide versatility in design.
What are the building requirements for any construction?
- Strength and stability
- Lighting
- Environmental protection
- Acoustics
- Fire safety
- Conservation of heat and power
- Air flow
These requirements ensure the functionality and safety of buildings.
