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CMA 101 MOD 3b: Organizational structure of the body > Structional Organization > Flashcards

Structional Organization Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells

A

Smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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2
Q

Tissues

A

Comprised of groups of similar cells that perform specialized or common functions

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3
Q

Organs

A

Made up of tissues arranged together to perform a particular function

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4
Q

Systems

A

The organization of various organs so they can perform the many functions of the body as a whole

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

Outer, semipermeable barrier that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Sphere-like organelle within the cell, surrounded by a bilayer membrane that protects the structures within: nucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and ribosomes

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7
Q

Chromosomes

A

Thread-like structures in the nucleus that control growth, repair, function, and reproduction

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

–Contains structures that consume and transform energy and perform the cell’s functions –Structures include: mitochondria (cell respiration and energy), lysosomes (degrade enzymes), ribosomes (synthesis proteins), golgi complex (secretion and intracellular transport), smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (involved in protein and lipid synthesis)

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9
Q

Cyto

A

combining form for cell

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10
Q

-cyte

A

suffix for cell; smallest structural units of all living things

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11
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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12
Q

cytologist

A

one who studies cells

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13
Q

cytometer

A

instrument used to count cells

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14
Q

cytometry

A

process of counting cells

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15
Q

cytotechnologist

A

technician who prepares slides

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16
Q

hist/o

A

Combining form for tissue

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17
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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18
Q

histologist

A

one who studies tissues

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19
Q

histoblast

A

embryonic tissue cell

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20
Q

histoid

A

resembling tissue

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21
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

–Covers the internal and external organs of the body

–Lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs

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22
Q

Where is Epithelial Tissue Found

A
  • Found in glands, ducts, and portions of the kidney tubules
  • Found in the lining of the intestine and gallbladder
  • Form the lining of cavities such as the mouth, blood vessels, and lungs
  • Make up the skin surface and lining of the mouth, through the esophagus
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23
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • –Supports and binds other body tissue and parts
  • –Connective tissue consists of:
  • liquid (blood)
  • fats (lipids)
  • fibrous (tendons and ligaments)
  • cartilage (flexible elastic tissue)
  • Solid (bone)
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24
Q

Three types of muscle tissue combing forms

A
  • Skeletal muscle = rhabd/o/myo
  • Smooth muscle = lei/o/myo
  • Cardiac muscle = cardi/o/myo
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25
Q

The 3 types of muscle tissue

A
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26
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

Skeletal muscle allows movement by being attached to bones in the body; voluntary

27
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A

Cardiac (heart) muscle facilitates the heart beat by transmitting signals to adjoining cells; involuntary

28
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

Smooth muscle that is commonly found in the digestive tract and in the walls of blood vessels; involuntary

29
Q

Nervous tissue

A
  • Functional unit is the Neuron
  • Transmits impulses throughout the body
  • Activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body
30
Q

What does nerve tissue do

A

Nerve tissue responds to changes in the environment and conducts impulses to various organs in the body to respond to these changes

31
Q

The neuron

A

The Neuron is the functional unit of nerve tissue that carry electrical impulses

32
Q

Name the 3 types of nerve cells

A

There are 3 main types of nerve cells:

  • Sensory neurons (eyes, nose, ears, etc)
  • Motor neurons (muscles and glands)
  • Interneurons (connect sensory neurons to motor neurons)
33
Q
A
34
Q

What are organs?

A
  • Tissues arranged together to perform a specific function
  • Examples: heart, lungs, liver, and gallbladder
35
Q

Body systems

A

A set of body organs that works together for a common purpose

36
Q

Integumentary system

A

largest organ of the body; protects internal structures of the body from damage, prevents dehydration, stores fat, and produces vitamins and hormones; it also helps to maintain homeostasis within the body by assisting in the regulation of body temperature and water balance; it is the bodies first line of defense against disease

37
Q

Digestive system

A

Is made up of the mouth (oral cavity, pharynx), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus; a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body

38
Q

Respiratory system

A

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Furnishes oxygen, removes carbon dioxide (respiration)

39
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels; blood pumped and circulated through the body

40
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Part of the circulatory system; vital part of the immune system; network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph directionally toward the heart

41
Q

Nervous system

A

consists of two main divisions (Central and Peripheral); the three main components are the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

42
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra; involved in the formation and voidance of urine; hemodynamic homeostasis

43
Q

Reproductive system

A

Male and female organs involved with reproduction

44
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

All bones, cartilage, muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments in the body

45
Q

Eyes and ears

A

Vision and audiology; structures and function

46
Q

Endocrine system

A

Ductless glands and other structures that produce hormones and release them directly into the circulatory system

47
Q

Hematology (hemat/o = blood)

Name 3 examples and what they are

A
  • hematology = study of blood
  • hematologist = one who studies blood
  • hematopathy = disease of blood
48
Q

Blood Conditions

-emia = blood condtion

Name 4 examples of blood conditions

A
  • anemia = lack of blood
  • xanthemia = excess carotene in blood
    • Yellow
  • erythremia = abnormally red blood
  • chloremia = increased chlorine in blood
    • Green
49
Q

what does RBC stand for?

A

Red Blood Cells

50
Q

What is the abreviation of erythrocyte

A

RBC

51
Q

Name and discribe 4 RBC conditions

A
  1. erythrocytopenia = decrease in or lack of RBCs
    • penia = a condition of decreasing activity
  2. erythroblast = immature RBC
  3. erythrocytosis = high numbers of erythrocytes
  4. erythremia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes
52
Q

What does WBC stand for?

A

White Blood Cells

53
Q

Leukocyte means?

A

WBC

54
Q

Name 3 types of WBC conditions

A
  1. leukocytopenia = decrease in or lack of WBCs
  2. leukemia = condition of WBCs
    • Blood cancer
  3. leukocytosis = increase in WBCs
55
Q

Blood-Clotting Cells are also called what?

A

thrombocyte

also known as platelet

56
Q

Give two examples of Blood-clotting cells

A
  1. thrombocytosis = increase in number of thrombocytes
  2. thrombocytopenia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes
57
Q

Cells of the blood

Name all 5

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas!

A

N – Neutrophils - 40% to 60%

L – Lymphocytes - 20% to 40%

M – Monocytes - 2% to 8%

E – Eosinophils - 1% to 4%

B – Basophils - 0.5% to 1%

58
Q

Blood Types

A
59
Q

Blood cells that have antigens on them that are not recognized by the body will be attacked by your immune system. O is the universal donor because a person with this type of blood does not have antigens on the surface of the blood cells – hence will not cause an immune reaction. AB is the universal acceptor because this person will not have an immune reaction to A, B, AB, or O. Antigens on the surface of your cells (or donated cells) will cause a reaction if your immune system does not recognize them as being part of you. If you are type A, and transfused with type B, your body will mobilize a massive immune response against the invading blood, causing coagulation of blood and death

A
60
Q

Sanguineous

A

Sanguin/o

61
Q

Consanguinity

A

Condition of having blood relationship

  • Common ancestor
62
Q

Sanguineous

A

Bloody

63
Q

Exsanguination

A

draining blood

64
Q

Blood Tests

A
  • hemoglobin = protein pigment in RBCs that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • hemoglobin blood test (HGB) = measurement to detect anemia
    • Normal average for women:
      • 12 to 14 grams
  • hematocrit = measures percent of formed elements compared to total volume of blood
    • Formed elements

•Blood cells

* Normal average range:

•36 to 45 percent

CMA 101 MOD 3b: Organizational structure of the body (1 decks)

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