Strokes Flashcards
What is the #1 cause of nursing home admissions and #3 cause of death in the U.S.?
STROKES
What is the number one risk factor for a stroke?
High blood pressure
What are the two types of stroke?
Hemorrhagic and ischemic
What specific type of stroke has been associated with cervical manipulative therapy?
Vertebral artery ischemia
Is there evidence to support excess risk of vertebral artery stroke associated with chiropractic care compared to primary care?
No (roughly the same numbers)
What type of bone formation in the cervical spine can entrap the vertebral artery during head rotation and provoke a stroke (Bow hunter’s stroke)?
Ponticulus ponticus
What is the typical age and sex of patients who have experienced a vertebral artery stroke?
30-45 year old women
What are the 5 D’s and 3 N’s of the symptoms associated with a vertebral artery stroke?
Dizziness Diplopia Difficulty walking Dysphagia Dysarthria Nausea/vomiting Numbness (unilateral facial) Nystagmus
What physical exam procedures can be assessed to check for stroke possibility?
Bilateral carotid peripheral pulse
Carotid bruit auscultation
Measure bilateral BP
What are tests that limit vertebrobasilar blood flow?
Barre-Lieou’s test
VBA maneuver
Deklyn’s test
What is the term for a brief statement, in the patient’s own words, regarding the reason they sought care?
Chief complaint/concern
What is the term for the detailed data collected from the clinical interview regarding the patient’s chief complaint?
Present problem/illness
What does the acronym “IMIST” stand for in terms of a case history?
Illnesses Medications Injuries Surgeries Transfusions
What type of interview includes the biographic data, chief complaint, and the presenting problem data?
Problem focused history/interview
What type of interview includes IMIST and a review of the body systems related to the presenting problem?
Expanded problem focused history/interview
What kind of interview Includes a family history of illnesses and a work schedule/job description?
Detailed history/interview
What kind of interview includes a survey of all activities of daily living that may complicated the current condition, sexual/travel/military history, and a Review of Systems?
Comprehensive history/interview
What is an opening question of an initial case history?
An open ended question that elicits the reason why the patient is seeking care (example = “What brought you into my office today?”)
What is the difference between a sign and a symptom?
Sign - objective finding as perceived by an examiner
Symptom - a subjective indication of a disease as perceived by the patient
What is the difference between clinical and differential diagnosis?
Clinical - based off the case history and physical examination alone
Differential - distinguishing between diseases with similar characteristics by comparing signs/symptoms
What are the top two reasons why people seek medical care?
1 respiratory complaints
2 musculoskeletal complaints
What are the top reasons why people seek chiropractic care?
Head, neck, back pains (with or without loss of motion)
Why is it more difficult to tell where pain is coming from if it involves deeper organs?
Poor localized pain
What is the term for the “pins and needles” sensation felt along specific skin demarcations?
Paresthesia
