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stroke terms Flashcards

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1
Q

agnosia

A

failure to recognize objects ‘

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2
Q

atrial venous malformation

A

theres no organization at the circle of willis

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3
Q

cryptogenic stroke

A

no one cause, could be drugs, coagulopathies, migraines, spontaneous dissections of coratid or vertebral arteries

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4
Q

every hour you stroke-

A

the brain is aging three and a half years

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5
Q

pathophysiology of a ischemic stroke

A

disruption in blood flow, aerobic respirations, acidosis, damage to the surrounding cells

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6
Q

pneumbra region

A

area around the body that is low as cerebral blood flow
can be salvaged
if left untreated the area of damage will increase and produce free radicals

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7
Q

clinical manifestations of an ischemic stroke

A

symptoms depend on location and size
numbness or weakness of face, arm, legs, especailly on one side
confusion
trouble speaking or understanding speech
difficulty walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination
sudden severe head ache
perceptual disturbances

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8
Q

the right side of the brain is

A

creative

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9
Q

left side of the brain is

A

analytic

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10
Q

average time of recovery

A

18 months

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11
Q

with a stroke people often have motor defects

A

opposite side of where the stroke is

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12
Q

aphasia

A

expressive
receptive
global

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13
Q

behavioral symptoms of a left side stroke

A 
rt side paralysis 
rt visual deficits 
aphasia 
altered intellect
slow cautious behavior
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14
Q

behavioral symptoms right sided stroke

A 
paralysis and weakness on left side 
visual deficits on left side 
spatial awarness defecits 
increased distractibility 
impulsive behaviors and poor judgement 
lack of awarness of deficits
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15
Q

general s/s of ischemic stroking

A

motor loss
communcation loss
sensory loss cognitive impairment
psychological effects

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16
Q

TIA

A

sudden neuro deficits lasting an hour, warning sign of an impending stroke
no ischemia/long term damage

17
Q

stroke protocol

A 
ct done in 25 minutes or less
MRI 
determine if stroke is hemorrhagic or ischemic 
id source 
ekg 
doppler studies
18
Q

prevent stroke

A

treat peridontal diseases

carotid endartectomy

19
Q

acute phase of a stroke

A

tPA with in 3 hours of stroke. improved outcome
maintain airway - o2 immediatly to vaso dilate
elevate hob to decrease icp
continous hemodynamic monitoring and neurologic assessment
2 18 gauge IV
no abgs
imaging competed in 25 minutes in ear
transfer to a higher level of care

20
Q

contraindications for tPa

A

inr >1.7, recent cva, recent head injury or trauma

21
Q

managment of patient not receiving Tpa

A 
LMWH 
monitor icp 
mannitol 
paco2 30-35hhmg
o2, hob 25-30 degres s
intubation and hemodynamic monitoring 
icu support 
surgical invention for CEA 
edema causes death and decreased o2 can cause brainstem herniation
22
Q

CEA

A

better with older people

younger people do better with stenting

23
Q

nursing process and care

A

loc, neuro assessment, mobility, joint deformities, skin integrity, pressure ulcers, self-care, nutritional and bladder/bowel, cognition, family coping, splinting to position of function, wash clothes in hangs/ alignment
prevent flexion contractures, do not lift by flaccid shoulder, measures to prevent shoulder problems, passive rom 4-5 times a day
turm head to assist eith visual deficits
EXERCISE UNAFFECTED SIDE

24
Q

signs and symptoms of a hemorrhagic stroke

A 
sudden change in loc 
n/v 
severe head ache 
brain stem involvement
loss of consciousness 
nuchal rigidity 
visual loss 
diplopia 
tinnitus 
dizziness 
hemiparesis 
severe bleeding can cause damage that leads to rapid progression of symptomology which causes coma and death
25
Q

complication of hemmorrhagic stroke

A 
re bleed 
hematoma expansion 
cerebral vasospasm, ischemic event 
acute hydrocephalus 
seizures 
H&H, IV hydration, vasospasm, icp, uncontrolled HTN is cause of intracranial hemorrhage, stool softeners to prevent and increase BP
26
Q

medical managment

A

control of HTN
Ct scan, cerebral angiography, care is primarily supportive, bed rest with sedation, oxygen, tx of hyperglycemia, trx of vasospasm, increased ICP, HTN, potential seizures, prevention of further bleeding, avoid stress dont be rough

27
Q

korsakoffs syndrome

A

psychosis and delirium

28
Q

potential complication of ischemic stroke

A 
vasospasm 
seizures 
hydrocephalus 
rebleed 
hyponatermia
29
Q

aneurysm precautions

A

absolute bed rest
elevate HOB 30 degrees
avoid all activity that may increase ICP or BP
Valsalva manuver
acute flexion of the head or neck
exhale through mouth to decrease strain
nurse provides all personal care and hygiene
non stimulating, non stressful environment
no reading, no TV, no Radio, prevent constipation
restrict vistors

30
Q

interventions

A

relieve sensory deprivation and anxiety
keep sensory stimulation to a minimum for aneurysm precautions
patient and family education
support reassurance
seizure precautions
strategies to regain and promote self care

31
Q

after the stroke

A

aspiration
assistive devices for ADLs
nutritional support (tube feeds or swallowing techniques)
elimination of bowel and bladder programs, catheter use
exercise activities, recreation and diversion
socailization, support groups, community resources

32
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis on one side of the body

33
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness on side of the body

34
Q

dysarthria

A

difficulty speaking

35
Q

aphasia

A

expressive
receptive unable to understand written or spoken language
global expressive and receptive aphasia

36
Q

hemianopsia

A

blindness in over half the field of vision

37
Q

effects of sugar on the brain

A

hypoglycemia: fatigue, shaking, confusion or unresponsiveness, insomnia
hyperglycemia: headache, trouble concentrating, blurred vision

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