Stroke Rehabilitation Flashcards
what are the two types of stroke?
haemorrhagic
ischaemic
name three possible causes of haemorrhagic stroke
structural abnormality
hypertension
amyloid angiopathy
name three possible causes for ischaemic stroke
cardioembolic
small vessel
atheroembolic
how can the type of stroke be determined?
brain imaging
how can the size of a stroke be determined?
clinical features
imaging
what is the laterality of a stroke?
the side of the brain that is affected
what does the oxford classification of stroke provide information about?
the size of a stroke
what are the four types of stroke in the oxford classification?
total anterior circulation (TACS)
partial anterior circulation (PACS)
posterior circulation (POCS)
lacunar (LACS)
what are the three features of a TACS?
hemiplegia
homonymous hemianopia
cortical signs
what is the most severe type of stroke in the oxford classification?
TACS
what is the prognosis of TACS?
5% alive and independent at one year
what are the diagnostic criteria for PACS?
2/3 features present in TACS OR
isolated cortical dysfunction OR
pure motor/sensory signs, less severe than those in LACS
what is the prognosis of PACS?
around 55% alive and independent at 1 year
how can POCS present?
cranial nerve palsies bilateral motor/sensory deficits conjugate eye movement disorders isolated homonymous hemianopia cortical blindness cerebellar deficits
what is the prognosis of POCS?
around 60% alive and independent at one year
what are lacunar infarcts?
small infarcts in the deeper parts of the brain and brainstem
e.g. basal ganglia, thalamus, white matter
what causes LACS?
occlusion of a single deep penetrating artery
what parts of the body are affected by LACS?
any two of face, arms and legs
which type of stroke in the oxford classification has the best prognosis?
LACS - over 60% alive and independent at one year
what do the last letters of a diagnosis under the oxford classification of stroke mean?
S = syndrome/stroke (type not diagnosed) I = infarction H = haemorrhage
what score can be used to predict the risk of stroke in patients with AF?
CHADSVASc score
