stroke and TIA Flashcards
when should a TIA be suspected?
sudden onset which completely resolves within 24hrs
when should stroke be suspected?
sudden onset that is ongoing or persisted longer than 24hrs
3 mechanism of TIA?
large artery low-flow
embolic
lacunar/ small penetrating vessel
what is large artery low flow TIA?
obstruction in extra/intra cranial arteries
short lived and recurrent
symptoms due to ischaemia
what is embolic TIA?
embolus may arise from pathologic process
hours not minutes
what is small penetrating vessel TIA?
transient cerebral ischaemia induced
stenosis (narrowing) of penetrating vessel
2 types of stroke?
ischaemic stroke (clot)
haemorrhagic stroke (bleed)
what is ischaemic stroke?
when clot forms
can be thrombotic or embolic
thrombotic - atherosclerosis
embolic - AF
what is haemorrhagic stroke?
bleeding within or on surface of brain
what to do for anyone suspected of stroke or TIA?
arrange immediate emergency admission to acute stroke facility
how to spot signs of stroke or TIA?
FAST test
what is given when haemorrhagic stroke is excluded?
antiplatelet agents
aspirin 300mg
medicines for secondary prevention?
antiplatelet therapy ( ischaemic or AF)
lipid modification- high intensity statin
anti-hypertensive
anticoagulants - ONLY IN AF OR RHYTM DISORDER
example dose of antiplatelet therapy?
clopidogrel 75mg OD
example drug and dose of lipid modification for secondary prevention?
high intensity statin
atorvastatin 80mg to reduce non-HDL by more than 40%
