Stroke Flashcards
What is stroke?
Stroke is a sudden condition of the brain which results in impaired oxygen delivery to the brain.
They can be ischemic or haemorrhagic in nature.
What is an ischemic stroke and what are some of the causes?
Caused by a lack of oxygen due to blockages in vasculature.
Thrombosis- atherosclerosis, arteritis, arterial dissection, hematologic disorders: sickle cell anaemia.
Embolism
Vasoconstriction- As a result of a haemorrhage local blood vessels will constrict to restrict bleeding but can cause issues in circulation (cerebral vasospasm).
What is haemorrhagic stroke and what are some of the causes?
Caused by bleeding in the brain that results in lack of oxygen.
Hypertension.
Bleeding due to malformations in the heart.
Trauma to the brain.
Tumours.
What are some of the symptoms of stroke that may occur.
Contralateral motor deficits (depends on the location of stroke).
Weber syndrome: ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy
Movement coordination
Language aphasia: Left brain more susceptible (Wernicke’s area and Broca’s area).
Visual disturbance- homonymous hemianopsia
How is blood delivered to the brain and what is the weighting of this delivery?
Internal carotid arteries x2 (80%)
Vertebral arteries x2 (20%)
What arteries provide the blood supply for the frontal lobe of the brain?
Anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery.
Frontal lobe= problem solving, motor control, judgement, speech production.
What provides the blood supply for the temporal lobe?
The temporal lobe receives blood supply from the middle cerebral artery and the posterior cerebral artery.
Temporal lobe: speech understanding, behaviour, memory, hearing.
What provides the blood supply for the parietal lobe?
Anterior cerebral artery and the middle cerebral artery.
Parietal lobe: Spatial awareness, sensation, reading, body orientation.
What provides the blood supply to the occipital lobe?
Posterior cerebral artery.
Occipital lobe: Vision and colour perception
What provides the blood supply to the cerebellum?
Basilar posterior inferior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the superior cerebellar artery.
Fine muscle control, balance, coordination
What provides blood supply to the brainstem?
The vertebral basilar artery
Breathing, body temp, digestion, alertness, swallow.
What is a total anterior circulation stroke?
Causes cerebral dysfunction
Eye sight problems
Motor/ sensory deficits
Posterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery and anterior cerebral artery
What is a partial anterior circulation stroke?
2/3 higher cerebral dysfunction, eye sight issues, motor/ sensory deficiency
Anterior cerebral and middle cerebral
What is a posterior circulation stroke?
Cranial nerve palsies, bilateral motor deficiencies, eye movement disfunction, cerebellar dysfunction, Isolated hemianopia.
What is a Lacuner stroke?
Effects subcortical structures
Motor deficits, ataxic hemianopia, clumsiness
