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Boards > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

UMN type symptoms

A

Weakness
Increased tone
Increased reflex

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2
Q

LMN symptoms

A 
Weakness
Decreased tone
Decreased reflex
Atrophy
Fasciculation
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3
Q

Left ACA infarct symptoms

A

Weakness of the UMN type in the right leg, cortical sensory loss in the right leg, frontal lobe behavioral abnormalities, abulia, grasp reflex, and transcortical aphasia (larger infarcts can cause hemiplegia)

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4
Q

Abulia

A

Inability to act decisively or lack of will power

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5
Q

Alien hand

A

Due to supplementary motor damage

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6
Q

Right ACA infarct symptoms

A

Weakness of the UMN in the left leg, cortical sensory loss of the left leg, hemineglect, grasp reflex, and frontal lobe behavioral abnormalities (larger infarcts can cause hemiplegia of the left side)

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7
Q

Left PCA Infarct

A

Right homonymous hemianopia, if extends to the selenium of the corpus callosum will have alexia without agraphia, if extends to thalamus and internal capsule can have aphasia, right hemisensory loss, and right hemiplegia

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8
Q

Right PCA infarct

A

Left homonymous hemianopia, larger infarcts that involve the thalamus and internal capsule can cause left hemisensory loss and left hemineglect

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9
Q

Divisions of MCA

A

Superior, inferior, deep territories, and stem

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10
Q

Left MCA superior division symptoms

A

Weakness of the UMN type in the face and arm, non-fluent or Broca’s aphasia, and cortical sensory loss in the face and arm

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11
Q

Left MCA inferior division

A

Fluent or wernicke’s aphasia, visual field cut, sensory loss in the face and arm, motor symptoms are usually absent but you can see mild right-sided weakness in the face and arm especially at the onset

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12
Q

Left MCA deep territory

A

Right pure motor hemispheres is of the UMN type - larger infarcts may produce cortical deficits, such as aphasia

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13
Q

Left MCA Stem

A

Global aphasia, weakness in the right face and arm of UMN type, sensory loss in the right face and arm, right homonymous hemianopia, right hemiplegia, right hemianesthesia, and a left gaze preference (especially at the onset) caused by damage to the left hemisphere cortical areas important for driving the eyes to the right

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14
Q

Right MCA superior division

A

Weakness of the left face and arm of UMN type, sensory loss in left face and arm, and hemineglect is present to a variable degree

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15
Q

Right MCA inferior division symptoms

A

Profound hemineglect, motor neglect with decreased voluntary or spontaneous initiation of movement of the left side (you can see some spontaneous movements and withdrawal from pain), somatosensory deficits, left visual field cut, you may see mild weakness of the left, and there is often a right gaze preference especially at the onset

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16
Q

Watershed zones

A

Regions between cerebral arteries - ACA-MCA and MCA-PCA watershed zones - blood supply to two adjacent cerebral arteries are compromised

17
Q

Watershed infarct symptoms

A

Can cause proximal arm and leg weakness (“man in the barrel” syndrome) because the regions of the homunculus involve the trunk and proximal limbs

Dominant can see transcortical aphasia
MCA-PCA can disturb higher-order visual processing

18
Q

Right MCA deep territory symptoms

A

Left pure motor hemiparesis of the UMN type - larger infarcts may produce “cortical” deficits, such as left hemineglect

19
Q

Right MCA stem symptoms

A

Profound left hemineglect, weakness of the UMN type of the left face and arm, somatosensory deficits, motor neglect of the left side, left hemiplegia, left hemianesthesia, left homonymous hemianopia, and right gaze preference especially at the onset

20
Q

What connects the ACA and MCA

A

Anterior communicating artery

21
Q

What symptoms suggest hemispheric damage?

A

Aphasia, visual field cuts, hemineglect, and sensory-motor deficits

22
Q

What symptoms suggest vertebrobasilar territory damage

A

Ataxia, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting

23
Q

Describe the function of the brain in terms of oxygen, glucose, etc.

A

The brain accounts for 2% of body weight but uses 20% of cardiac output and 25% of resting total body oxygen consumption

Does not store nutrients, so requires an uninterrupted supply of oxygen and glucose (simple sugar - energy source)

24
Q

What is the stages of infarction

A

Limited auto regulation, critical perfusion, ischemia, and infarction

25
Q

Thrombosis

A

An obstruction of blood flow due to a blood clot, which narrows or occluded the vessel (most commonly due to atherosclerosis - involves fatty plaques along the arterial internal wall)

26
Q

Embolism

A

When material from a distant site lodges in a cerebral vessel and occluded blood flow

Often a fragment of thrombosis but can be air, plaque, tumor cell, etc.

Embolism often comes from the heart and travels upstream

27
Q

What is dysprosody?

A

may manifest as a foreign accent syndrome - refers to melody, intonation, pauses, stresses, intensity, vocal quality, and accents of speech

28
Q

Broca’s aphasia

A 
Fluency: Impaired
Content: Impaired
Naming: Impaired
Repetition: Impaired
Comprehension: Intact
Reading: Intact
Writing: Poor, grammatical errors
29
Q

Wernicke’s aphasia

A 
Fluency: Intact
Content: Impaired
naming: Severely impaired
Repetition: Impaired
Comprehension: Impaired 
Reading: Impaired
Writing: Impaired
30
Q

Global aphasia

A

Everything impaired

31
Q

Conduction aphasia

A 
Fluency: Intact
Content: Mildly affected
Naming: impaired
Repetition: severely impaired
Comprehension: Intact
Reading: Intact
Writing: Intact
32
Q

Transcortical motor aphasia

A 
Dysfluent
Content: Limited
Naming: Impaired
Repetition: Intact
Comprehension: Intact
Reading: Intact
Writing: Impaired
33
Q

Transcortical sensory aphasia

A 
Fluency: INtact
content: Impaired or empty
Naming: impaired
Repetition: Intact
Comprehension: impaired 
Reading: impaired
Writing: Impaired
34
Q

Mixed transcortical aphasia

A

Everything impaired except for repetition

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