Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience Midterm 2 > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

How much of the brain’s blood supply does the brain consume?

A

15-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How much does the brain weigh?

A

2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What materials does fresh blood bring IN to the brain?

A

Oxygen, carbohydrates, amino acids, fats, hormones, and vitamins go in.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What materials does fresh blood bring OUT of the brain?

A

Carbon dioxide, ammonia, lactate, and hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

It is a collection of arteries that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The Circle of Willis is composed of which arteries?

A

Internal Carotid Arteries
Anterior Cerebral Arteries
Posterior Cerebral Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Stroke?

A

It is a medical condition in which an abnormality of the vascular supply causes damage to the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does the WHO define a Stroke?

A

It is a neurological deficit of cerebrovascular cause that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two main types of strokes?

A

Ischemic and Hemorrhagic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of a Stroke?

A 
Weakness in the face/limbs. 
Numbness
Aphasia or Dysarthria 
Vision loss 
Headache (more common with hemorrhagic stroke).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the rare clinical symptoms of a Stroke?

A

Loss of consciousness
Pain
Abnormal movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an Ischemic Stroke?

A

Blockage of arterial blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two types of Ischemic Stroke?

A

Thrombosis and Embolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Thrombosis?

A

This is an obstruction of a blood vessel by a local blood clot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Embolism?

A

This is an obstruction due to an embolus (travelling particle or debris in the bloodstream) from elsewhere in the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens during an Ischemic Stroke?

A

The brain tissue ceases to function is it is deprived of oxygen for more than 60-90 seconds.

After 3 hours of Ischemia the brain will suffer irreversible damage.

The body is not good at generating ATP in the absence of oxygen (lactate -> lactic acid -> acidosis).

Leads to failure of energy-dependent processes in brain cells (e.g. ion pumping).

This leads to apoptosis.

17
Q

What is an Infarction?

A

This is a tissue death (necrosis) caused by lack of blood supply to the affected area.

18
Q

What is a Hemorrhagic Stroke?

A

This is bleeding in or around the brain’s membranes, usually caused by a rupture of a blood vessel or abnormal capsular structure.

19
Q

What are the 4 types of Hemorrhagic Strokes?

A

Epidural
Subdural
Sub-Arachnoid
Intracerebral

20
Q

What is an Epidural Stroke?

A

Occurs between the skull and dura matter.

21
Q

What is a Subdural Stroke?

A

Occurs between the dura matter and arachnoid space .

22
Q

What is a Sub-Arachnoid Stroke?

A

Occurs between the arachnoid space and pia matter.

23
Q

What is an Intracerebral Stroke?

A

This bleeding within the brain itself.

Either from the brain tisse (intraparenchymal hemorrhage) or from brain’s ventricular system (intraventricular hemorrhage).

24
Q

What are the symptoms for a Hemorrhagic Stroke?

A

Severe headache
Dizziness
Seizures
Vomiting

25
Q

How can you prevent a Stroke?

A

Blood pressure medication
Anticoagulation drugs
Surgery
Diet

26
Q

What are the risk factors associated with a Stroke?

A 
Tobacco smoking 
High blood cholesterol 
Diabetes mellitus 
Lipids 
Atrial fibrillation (abnormal heart rhythm)
Obesity 
Age > 75
27
Q

What is the biggest and most important risk factor for a Stroke?

A

Hypertension (high blood pressure).

28
Q

Hypertension accounts for what risk rate?

A

35-50%

29
Q

How are Strokes treated?

A

Stroke rehabilitation - includes physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists.

This is a treatment that intends to try and recover lost function.

30
Q

What causes Cerebral Edema?

A

The release of osmotically active substances from necrotic brain tissue.

Axons will swell which causes the unravelling of the myelin sheath.

There is a neuroinflammatory response to release substances, which forms a glial scar around the infarct.

Neuroscience Midterm 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions