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Patho 2 quiz 2 > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

stroke

A

The sudden loss of neurological function as the result of a disruption to blood flow resulting in tissue death

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2
Q

two types of stroke

A
  1. Ischemic

2. Hemorrhagic

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3
Q

Risk factors for stroke (can be control)

A 
o	Hypertension 
o	Smoking 
o	Hyperlipidemia 
o	Cardiac disease 
o	DM
o	Obesity (abdominal)
o	Sedentary lifestyle 
o	Excessive alcohol consumption
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4
Q

risk factors for stroke that you cannot control?

A 
o	Age
o	Sex
o	Heredity 
o	Race
o	Geography
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5
Q

females or males more likely to have a stroke

A

males

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6
Q

what race is higher for stroke

A

african americans

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7
Q

geography that is more likely to have a stroke

A

southeast US

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8
Q

warning signs of stroke include sudden effects of?

A
  • numbness (face, arm, leg)
  • dif speaking, understanding
  • trouble seeing (1 or 2 eyes)
  • walking, dizziness, LOB
  • severe headache
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9
Q

when should you go to hospital if you think you had a stroke?

A

less then 3 hours: less disability

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10
Q

What does FAST mean

A
  • Facial droop
  • Arm weakness
  • Speech difficulties
  • Time
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11
Q

how is stroke usually diagnosed?

A

Non-contrast CAT scan

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12
Q

What is given with the “Golden” 3 hours

A

tPA

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13
Q

What is tPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator that results in lysis of fibrin (break up clot)

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14
Q

What type of stroke uses tPA

A

ischemic

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15
Q

MERCI procedure

A

Go through femoral artery to take clot out.

8 hour window

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16
Q

University of Oxford ABCD Scale

A
  • performed in MD office

- predictor of stroke after TIA

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17
Q

What is the standardized tool to assess impairment ?

A

NIH stroke scale

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18
Q

score of 42 on NIH

A

Max score –> severe stroke

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19
Q

what is a good outcome score on the NIH

A

12-20

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20
Q

What score on the NIH will you see significant deficits ?

A

over 20

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21
Q

80% of strokes are?

A

ischemic strokes

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22
Q

Thrombotic onset is?

A

gradual

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23
Q

Thrombotic symptoms

A

awaken

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24
Q

embolic

A

A thrombus that originates elsewhere breaks away and is carried through bloodstream to a narrowing region

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25
Q

onset of embolic

A

abrupt & often with activity

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26
Q

embolic common area of origin

A

cardiac, post surgery

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27
Q

ischemic attacks include

A
  • lacunar infarct

- TIA

28
Q

lacunar infarct

A

occlusion of small vessels

29
Q

onset of lacunar infarct

A

gradual

30
Q

lacunar infarct associated with

A

HTN & DM

31
Q

TIA symptoms recover within

A

24 hours

32
Q

Ischemic Penumbra

A

Rim of mild to moderately ischemic tissue around the area of infarction Is evolving

33
Q

Brain requires ….. of regular blood flow to survive

A

20-25%

34
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke onset?

A

sudden

35
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke closely linked to

A

HTN

36
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke causes a decrease in

A

level of consciousness, heachache, nausea and vomiting

37
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke includes (4)

A

oIntracerebral hemorrhage
oSubarachnoid hemorrhage
oSubdural hematoma
oEpidural hematoma

38
Q

Intracerebral hemorrhage

A

Arterial bleeding into the brain parenchyma

39
Q

ICH results in

A
  • Distortion of structures
  • Rise in intracranial pressure
  • Development of severe edema causing midline shift
40
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

Blood in subarachnoid space

41
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage onset

A

sudden with a headache

42
Q

most common cause of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

A

AVM/ Berry aneurysm

43
Q

Epidural Hematoma

A

Traumatic tearing of the meningeal arteries that supply the periosteal layer of the dura

44
Q

what drugs need to be screen for with a epidural hematoma

A

cocaine

45
Q

Where can a skull cap be kept during a craniotomy

A

frozen, abdomen

46
Q

aphasia

A

difficulties in speaking, listening, reading, and writing, but does not affect intelligence

47
Q

alexia

A

impairement in reading – knowing they are letters but unable to decode

48
Q

agraphia

A

impairment in writing

49
Q

apraxia

A

inability to execute a voluntary motor movement despite being able to demonstrate muscle function- understands requirement- present with and without paresis

50
Q

Anosognosia

A

lack of awareness of illness

51
Q

Dysarthia

A

motor speech disorder affecting respiration, articulation and phonation

52
Q

Dysphagia

A

inability/ difficulty in swallowing due to CN involvement (CN V & VII, CN IX-XII)

53
Q

Perseveration

A

unable to refrain from certain behaviors—NO brakes (might not be able to get off a specific topic)

54
Q

Visual Perception

A

the ability to process incoming sensory information, to relate it to what you already known & to use it to generate functional outcomes, e.g. I recognize the comb & know to use it on my hair

55
Q

Spatial Perception

A

ability to sense the size, shape, movement, distance, and orientation of objects & awareness of oneself in space and its relation to other objects

56
Q

flexor synergy UE

A
  • Scap retraction/ elevation
  • Shoulder abduction
  • Elbow flexion
  • Forearm supination
  • Wrist/ finger flexion
57
Q

flexor synergy LE

A
  • Hip flex/ abd/ er
  • Knee flex
  • Ankle df/ inv
  • Toe df
58
Q

extensor UE

A
  • Scap retraction
  • Shoulder add/ir
  • Elbow ext
  • Forearm pron
  • Wrist/ finger flex
59
Q

extensor LE

A
  • Hip ext/ add/ir
  • Knee ext
  • Ankle PF/INV
  • Toe PF
60
Q

Anterior circulation responsible for how many CVA

A

less than 3%

61
Q

most common region of CVA

A

Middle cerebral artery

62
Q

common cause of middle cerebral artery CVA

A

internal carotid thrombus

63
Q

most frustrating CVA population to work with

A

contraversive pushing/ pusher

64
Q

pushers midlines are

A

18 to ipsilesional side

65
Q

characteristics of pushers

A

oSpontaneous body posture – towards involvement
oIncrease pushing force
oResistance to passive correction posture
Seated and standing posture

66
Q

treatment for pusher includes

A

combination of visual, somatosensory, motor learning

67
Q

what is complete basilar artery syndrome

A

locked in syndrome

Patho 2 quiz 2 (2 decks)

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