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Physical Rehabilitation Test 2 > Stroke > Flashcards

Stroke Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Cerebral Vascular Attack (CVA)?

A

sudden loss of neurological function caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain

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2
Q

What are two types of strokes?

A

Ischemic

Hemorrhagic

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3
Q

What is an ischemic stroke?

A

results when a blog clot blocks or impairs blood flow, depriving the brain of essential O2 and nutrients

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4
Q

What is the most common type of stroke?

A

Ischemic

*80% of individuals with a stroke

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5
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

occurs when blood vessels rupture, causing leakage of blood in or around the brain

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6
Q

What must occur for a stroke to be classified as a stroke?

A

Neurodeficit must persist for at least 24 hours

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7
Q

What determines the severity of neurologic deficits in patients?

A

the location and extent of brain injury, the amount of collateral blood flow and early acute care management

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8
Q

What is a thrombosis?

A

formation or presence of blood clot within the vascular system of brain

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9
Q

What is an embolus?

A

Composed of bits of matter formed elsewhere that break loose and trail to arteries in the brain

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10
Q

What is a hemorrhage?

A

bleeding in the brain

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11
Q

How can strokes be categorized?

A 
TIA
Minor stroke
Major stroke
Deteriorating stroke
Young stroke
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12
Q

Stroke is the _____ leading cause of death in the us and is the _____ leading cause of disability in the US

A

4th, number one

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13
Q

T/F women have lower age-adjusted stroke incidence than men

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Who have twice the risk of first-ever stroke compared to whites?

A

African Americans

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15
Q

Higher incidence in who than whites?

A

Mexican americans, american indians, and Alaska natives

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16
Q

T/F incidence for stroke increases as you age, triple after age of 65?

A

FALSE, double

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17
Q

____% of strokes occur in individuals younger than 65 years old

A

28%

18
Q

Stroke accounts for __ of every 18 deaths in the US

A

1

19
Q

Which type of stroke accounts for the largest number of deaths each year?

A

hemorrhagic

20
Q

What are some other important factors in mortality with a stroke?

A 
Loss of consciousness at stroke onset
Lesion Size
Persistent severe hemiplegia
Multiple neurologic deficits
History of previous stroke
21
Q

What is the major contributory factor in cerebrovascular disease?

A

Atherosclerosis

22
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Plaque formation with an accumulation of lipids, fibrin, complex carbs and calcium deposits on arterial walls that lead to progressive narrowing of blood vessels

23
Q

What is the most common sites of atherosclerotic plaque?

A

origin of the common carotid artery or at its transition into the middle cerebral artery

  • main bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery
  • junction of the vertebral arteries with the basilar artery
24
Q

Ischemic strokes are a result of?

A

thrombus
embolism
or conditions that produce low systemic perfusion pressures

25
Q

What is a cerebral thrombosis?

A

clot that is formed or developed within the cerebral arteries or their branches
-resulting in tissue death

26
Q

What is cerebral embolus (CE)?

A

Composed of bits of matter (blood, clot plaque) formed elsewhere and released into the blood stream, traveling to the cerebral arteries where they lodge in the vessels producing occlusion and infarction

27
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

abnormal bleeding into the extravascular areas of the brain

28
Q

How does a hemorrhagic stroke happen?

A

rupture of a cerebral vessel or trauma

29
Q

Wha does a hemorrhagic stroke cause?

A

increased intracranial pressures with injury to brain tissues and restriction of distal blood flow

30
Q

What is intracerebral hemorrhage? (IH)

A

caused by rupture of a cerebral vessel with bleeding into the brain
*non-traumatic, usually occurs in small blood vessels weakened by atherosclerosis producing aneurysm

31
Q

What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? (SH)

A

occurs from bleeding into the subarachnoid space typically from a saccular or berry aneurysm affecting primarily large blood vessel
*hemorrhage is closely linked to chronic hypertension

32
Q

What is arteriovenous malformation?(AVM)

A

congenital defect that can cause stroke.

-tangle of arteries and veins with agencies of an interposing capillary system

33
Q

What are some major risk factors of a stroke? (4)

A

-Hypertension BP140/90
-Heart disease (HD)
-Disorders of heart rhythm
Diabetes mellitus (DM)

34
Q

T/F elevated LDL and low levels of HDL cholesterol are a risk factor of strokes?

A

True

35
Q

_______ disorders increase the risk of embolic stroke?

A

cardiac

36
Q

_____ _______ is a powerful risk factor and has a five fold increased risk for stroke

A

Atrial fibrillation

37
Q

T/F sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for stroke, doubling the risk of stroke or death

A

TRUE

38
Q

What are some risk factors for women?

A

early menopause (before 42) have twice the risk of ischemic stroke
use of estrogen increase ischemic stroke
pregnancy, birth and the first 6 weeks postpartum

39
Q

What are some modifiable risk factors?

A

Smoking
Physical inactivity
Obesity
Diet

40
Q

What does FAST stand for?

A

Face dropping
Arm weakness
Speech difficulty
Time to call 911

41
Q

When can a tPA be used?

A

effective within 3 hours of onset of symptoms

***CANT be given with a hemorrhagic stroke

Physical Rehabilitation Test 2 (1 decks)

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