Stroke Flashcards
What are the 3 pathological processes involved in stroke and what % of strokes do they account for?
Infarction (75%)
Haemorrhage (20%)
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (5%)
List 8 risk factors for cerebral infarction
Ageing Hypertension Cardiac disease (e.g. AF) Hyperlipidaemia Diabetes mellitus Hypercoagulable states (e.g. antiphospholipid antibody syndrome) Smoking Obesity
What imaging modality is best for the identification of recent cerebral infarcts?
MRI
List 7 causes of intracerebral haemorrhage
Hypertensive small vessel disease Congophilic (amyloid) angiopathy Blood disorders Tumour Vasculitis Vascular malformation Drugs (e.g. certain illicit drugs)
What is the characteristic feature of hypertensive haemorrhage?
Small vessel disease (hyaline arteriolosclerosis)
List 4 common sites of hypertensive haemorrhage
Basal ganglia/thalamus
Lobar white matter
Cerebellum
Pons
Where is amyloid deposited in cerebral amyloid angiopathy? What does this confer an increased risk of?
In the walls of the superficial supratentorial blood vessels
Increased risk of superficial haemorrhages (often multiple)
List 3 non-traumatic causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage
Rupture of saccular aneurysm
Rupture of other types of aneurysms (e.g. mycotic, atherosclerotic)
Extension of intracerebral haemorrhage
List 7 risk factors for developing a saccular aneurysm
Sex and age (females more likely) Polycystic kidney disease Coarctation of aorta Type III collagen deficiency Hypertension Smoking Alcohol
What are the 3 most common sites for saccular aneurysms?
Bi/trifurcation of MCA (33%)
ACA and ACommA (33%)
Junction of ICA and PCommA (20%)
List 4 complications of aneurysm rupture
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (+/- intraparenchymal) Cerebral oedema and raised ICP Vasospasm and infarction Ventriclar obstruction (hydrocephalus)
