Stroke Flashcards
Other term for stroke
“Brain attack” or cerebrovascular accident
Stroke
Rapidly developing clinical signs of — (at times, global) disturbance of — function, lasting more than 24 hours or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than of — origin
Focal
Brain
Vascular
Stroke
Onset
Sudden
Stroke neurologic deficit
Focal
Origin of stroke
Vascular
Two Major Categories of Brain Damage in Stroke:
Ischemic and Hemorrhagic
Occlusion of a cerebral
blood vessel =
Infarction
Atherosclerosis =
Thrombotic
Cerebral embolism =
Embolic
Occlusion of a cerebral
blood vessel = Infarction
Ischemic
Lack of blood flow depriving brain of fuel and oxygen
Ischemic
Example of ischemic stroke
Atherosclerosis = Thrombotic
Cerebral embolism = Embolic
Small vessel occlusion
Decreased systemic perfusion
Rupture of a blood vessel and extravasation of blood into the brain and extravascular spaces
Hemorrhagic
Cuts of pathways and localized or generalized pressure injury and release of biochemical substances
Hemorrhagic
Example of hemorrhagic stroke
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
(SAH)
Decrease in pressure
Systemic hypoperfusion
Obstruction of blood flow due to localized occlusive process within one or more blood vessels
Thrombosis
Lumen of the blood vessel is narrowed or occluded by an alteration in the vessel wall or by superimposed clot formation
Thrombosis
Thrombosis
Most common vascular pathology
Atherosclerosis
Fibrous and muscular tissues overgrow in the subintima, and fatty materials form plaques that encroach on the lumen then platelets adhere to plaque crevices and form clumps that serve as nidus for deposition of fibrin, thrombin and clot
Atherosclerosis
Material is formed elsewhere within the vascular system lodges in an artery and blocks blood flow
Embolism
Source of embolism
More proximal
heart valves and clots, tumors with in the atrial or ventricular cavities
Cardioembolic
clots, platelet clumps or fragments of plaques that break of from proximal vessels
Artery-to-artery embolism