Stroke Flashcards
Ninja Nerd
The middle cerebral artery supplies what are of the cerebral cortex( In terms of primary motor function)
The part that contros the Face and arms
The anterior cerebral artery supplies what are of the cerebral cortex( In terms of primary motor function)
The part that controls the leg
Which blood vessels supply the anterior part of the brain?
Anterior cerebral artery
Internal carotid
Middle cerebral artery
Which blood vessels supply the posterior part of the brain?
Posterior cerebral artery
Basillar artery
Vetebral artery
Which parts of the brain does the posterior artery supply?
The occipital lobe
Thelamus
Mid brain
Parts of temporal
Which parts of the brain does the basillar artery supply?
Pons
Superior anterior nd inferior part of the cerebellum
Which parts of the brain does the vertebral artery supply?
Medulla and
Posterior and inferior aspects of the cerebellum
Whats the difference between trans ischemic stroke and acute ischemic stroke
TIS:Neural defesite without evidence of infarction bt CT or MRI & lasts less than 24hrs
Causes ot TIS
Hypoxic(Cardiac arrest, shock ( speric or cardiogenic), respiratory failure)
- Thrombotic
Due to plaque
Hypertension
Diabetes
Smoking
Obesity
Dyslipedemia
- Embotic
atrial fibrillation,
Left ventricular aneurysm
Mechanical heart valve
Paradoxical embolism ( DVT & patent FORAMRN OVALE)
Intra cerebral hemorrhage causes
Intra cerebral hemorrhage can be classified into? What are the difference
Hypertension
Coagulopathy
Malignancy
Trauma
Hypertension intra cerebral hemorrhage usually occur at
Bassl ganglia
Pons
Cerebellum
Sub arachnoid hemorrhage usually occur due to?
Poped aneurysm
What is the most common type of aneurysm that will rupture?
Berry/Saccular aneurysm
Intra cerebral hemorrhage causes accumulation of blood in?
The parenchyma of the brain
Rupture in the ACA causes what neuro deposit
Contralateral weakness of the lower limb than the upper limb& face
Contralateral lose of sensation in the lower limb than face and upper limbs
- Prefrontal cortex deficit
Bullia: decrease motivation and desire to participate in certain activities
Akinetic mutism: is a medical condition where patients tend neither to move nor speak.
Rupture in the MCA causes what neuro deposit
Contralatera motorl weakness of the face and upper limb more than lower limb
Contralateral sensory weakness of the face and upper limb more than lower limb
Difficulty with skilled movements even when a person has the ability and desire to do them.
- Frontal eye field
If the left side MCA is clotted it will cause gaze deviation to that same side ( ipsilateral gaze deviation) - Brocas area (@ Left side hemisphere of Parietal)
Brocas aphasia - Warinke (@ Left hemisphere of temporal)
Werinke aphasia - Temporal & parietal lobe( is the ath optic N follow)
Damage to the optic radiation causing contral lateral loss in the visual field. homonymous hemianopia, is a visual field loss in the same halves of the visual field of each eye. For example, in right HH, the visual field loss is on the right side in the right eye and on the right side in the left eye
Note: In an ICA occlusion you might have symptoms of both MCA & ACA because ICA is the main branch that later forms the two
Whats the special feature of ICA occlusion that will que. Other than the MCA and ACA features that will present
Opthlamic nerve damage ( causing temporary Mono occular vision loss amaurosis fugax
Whats watershed syndrome & what can cause it?
Hypovolumia
A watershed strokeoccurs when the blood flow to parts of the brain, known as border zones, is severely reduced, leading to brain tissue death. The border zones are vulnerable because they are situated furthest away from the three major arteries that service the brain.
What are the conditions that can occur in MCA/ACA watershed zone damage?
Proximal upper and lower thrunk loss of sensation
Man in a barrel syndrome isa neurological syndrome involving bilateral upper extremity weakness with preserved facial and lower extremity strength.
What are the conditions that can occur in MCA/PCA watershed zone damage?
Prosopagnosia also known as face blindness, is a cognitive disorder of face perception in which the ability to recognize familiar faces, including one’s own face, is impaired, while other aspects of visual processing and intellectual functioning remain intact
Rupture in the PCA causes what neuro deposit
- visual field
Contralateral visual loss ( contralateral homonus Heminopia)
Inability to read Alsxia without agraphia - Thalamus
Contralateral loss of sensation and pain - Mid brain
Benedict syndrome: Benedikt syndrome (paramedian midbrain syndrome) is characterised by varying levels of ipsilateral third cranial nerve palsy, hemiparesis, and contralateral tremor.
Webber syndrome:
Claude’s syndrome
Lacuna infarcts are a subset of MCA occlusion (it involves sma branches from the MCA)
The Lacuna infarction can cause?
- Contralateral
Pure motor
Pure sensory
Sensor motor
Ataxiis hemipheisis
Disathrial clumsy hand syndrome
Rupture in the Basilar causes what neuro deposit
Ippsilateral 6th N palsy (Abducent N)
Corticospinal tract ( contro lateral weakness)
Medial meniscus ( contro lateral loss of touch and vibration
The basilar artery give off what major artery?
AICA
Superior C Artery
Damage to the AICA can cause?
5th (weakness in mastication muscles on the same side) & 7th N palsy ( facial weakness on the same side)
- Cochlear N damage (Deafness)
Vestibular N( nausea, vomiting, loss of balance) - Trigeminal tract damage
- Defending Sympathetic tracts ( Anhydrousis, miosis, ptosis)
Superior CA
Ataxia
Dysmetria
Damage to the vertebral can cause?
The tongue deviates to the same side ( hypoglosial N)
Contralateral muscle weakness ( corticospinal)
Contralateral sensory loss
Features of ICH & SAH
ICH
Headache
Increase ICP
SAH
Thunderclap headaches
Meningitis signs
Increased ICP