stroke Flashcards
what is the tool use to screen people with sudden onset of neurological symptoms for a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischaemic attack
FAST (face, arm, speech, test)
what do you rule out when diagnosing stroke
hypoglycaemia <3.3mmols
what else do you rule out with electrocardiogram before diagnosing stroke
arrhythmias.
what is JACCOL
Jaundice, Anemia, Clubbing, Cyanosis, Oedema and Lymphadenopathy (medical examinations)
JAMTHREADS
- J - jaundice, A - anaemia & other haematological conditions, M - myocardial infarction, T - tuberculosis, H - hypertension & heart disease, R - rheumatic fever, E - epilepsy A - asthma & COPD, D - diabetes, S - stroke
what is the cranial nerve for smell
Smell (CN 1)
what is the cranial nerve for taste
taste(CN 7&9)
what is the cranial nerve for facial assessment
facial CN7
what is the cranial nerve for eye/vision
CN 2-6
What is CN 11
SNELLEN AND FIELD TEST
WHAT IS CN111
PERRL(direct & consensual)A.
(PUPILS, EQUAL,ROUND, REACTIVE TO, LIGHT AND ACCOMODATION)
CN 4 AND 6
Cardinal sign & convergence
CN 5
Corneal reflex
WHAT IS THE HEARING TEST
WEBER AND RINNE TEST
RINNE TEST
WHEN AC > BC = NORMAL
WHEN BC > AC = CONDUCTIVE LOSS
WHAT IS CN 12
Poke tongue out (CN XII)
What is the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)?
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is a neurological scale used to assess the level of consciousness and neurological functioning in patients with traumatic brain injury or other neurological conditions.
What are the three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale?
The three components of the Glasgow Coma Scale are eye-opening response, verbal response, and motor response.
What is the highest score a patient can achieve on the Glasgow Coma Scale?
The highest score a patient can achieve on the Glasgow Coma Scale is 15.
What does a score of 3 on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicate?
A score of 3 on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates severe neurological impairment and coma.
What does the eye-opening response component of the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?
The eye-opening response component of the Glasgow Coma Scale assesses the patient’s ability to open their eyes spontaneously or in response to verbal or painful stimuli.
What does the verbal response component of the Glasgow Coma Scale evaluate?
The verbal response component of the Glasgow Coma Scale evaluates the patient’s ability to give verbal responses, such as speaking or making appropriate sounds.
What does the motor response component of the Glasgow Coma Scale assess?
The motor response component of the Glasgow Coma Scale assesses the patient’s ability to move in response to commands or painful stimuli.
CN1 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Olfactory Nerve (1): Responsible for the sense of smell.
CN2 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Optic Nerve (2): Carries visual information from the retina to the brain.
CN3 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Oculomotor Nerve (3): Controls most of the eye movements, pupil constriction, and eyelid opening.
CN4 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Trochlear Nerve (4): Controls downward and inward eye movement.
CN5 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Trigeminal Nerve (5): Provides sensation to the face, controls the muscles of mastication (chewing), and helps with facial expressions.
CN6 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Abducens Nerve (6): Controls the lateral movement of the eyes.
CN7 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Facial Nerve (7): Controls facial expressions, taste sensation on the front two-thirds of the tongue, and tear production.
CN8 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Vestibulocochlear Nerve (8): Responsible for hearing and balance.
CN9 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (9): Controls taste sensation on the back one-third of the tongue, monitors blood pressure, and aids in swallowing.
CN10 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Vagus Nerve (10): Plays a role in various autonomic functions, such as regulating heart rate, digestion, and respiratory functions.
CN11 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Accessory Nerve (11): Controls certain neck muscles involved in head and shoulder movement.
CN12 IS THE? WHAT IS IT RESPONSIBLE FOR
Hypoglossal Nerve (12): Controls the movement of the tongue during speech, swallowing, and other tongue-related functions.
Question: What is the purpose of the Rinne test?
.
Answer: To compare air conduction and bone conduction in assessing hearing loss
Question: How is the Rinne test performed?
Answer: Place a vibrating 512Hz tuning fork against the mastoid bone, then move it in front of the ear, comparing air conduction and bone conduction.
Question: What is the Weber test used for?
Answer: To determine if there is a difference in hearing between the ears.
Question: How is the Weber test conducted?
Answer: Place a vibrating 256Hz (or 512Hz) tuning fork on the forehead, equidistant from both ears, and assess if the sound is heard equally in both ears.
Question: What is the purpose of the whisper test?
To evaluate a person’s ability to hear spoken words at different distances and assess hearing impairment.
How is the whisper test performed?
For the whisper test, a word is whispered by the examiner at two different distances from one ear while the other ear is blocked by pressing on the tragus. The patient is then asked to repeat the whispered word. This test helps determine if there is any difference in hearing between the two ears.
COMPLETE TH BOX
