stroke 1 Flashcards
STOKE TYPE:::occurs when a defective artery in the brain ruptures and the surrounding area of the brain fills with blood.
intracerebral hemorrhage
occurs when a blood vessel on the surface of the brain ruptures and bleeds into the subarachnoid space between the skull
subarachnoid hemorrhage
A _______ is a result of a clot or embolus that forms in another portion of the body such as the heart (in the case of atrial fibrillation) and is carried through the bloodstream, becomes lodged in an artery that supplies blood to the brain, and blocks the flow of blood Atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease results in stroke when there is an impediment to normal blood perfusion as a result of severe arterial stenosis or occlusion due to atherosclerosis and coexisting thrombosis.2
cerebral embolism
________ result from microatheroma, lipohyalinosis, and other occlusive diseases of the small penetrating arteries of the brain; these are sometimes referred to as subcortical infarcts
Lacunar infarcts
___________refer to ischemic strokes in which the underlying etiology remains obscure.
Cryptogenic infarcts
pure motor hemiplegia, contralateral side: where is it?
pons or internal capsule
pure sensory strokes, contralateral side
thalamus
ataxic hemiparesis, incoordiantion accpanied by weakness of same limbs
pons
ataxic hemiparesis of contralateral side
basal ganglia
what two diseases usually cause lacunar strokes
DM, and HTN
Sensory Motor Syndrome-causes weakness and sensory deficits face-arm-leg from lesions in the posterior limb of
internal capsule
Dysarthria Clumsy Hand Syndrome –refers to slurred speech with clumsy contralateral hand.
pontine or brainstem lacunes
Middle Cerebral Artery lesion
Left Sided(dominant) lesions present with
Right hemiparesis, arm greater then leg.
Right facial weakness usually involving the lower face. (Central Seventh)
Aphasia- Broca’s, Wernicke’s or global. Broca’s area is located in the inferior frontal lobe and Wernicke’s area in the superior temporal lobe.
Global aphasia
is a combination of both where patients are unable to speak or understand. Often present with mutism.
Gaze Preference
Frontal eye fields located in the region supplied by the MCA.
Cause conjugate movement of eyes in the opposite direction.
“Look toward the lesion”
right MCA
Neglect, spatial disorientation.
Apraxia-dressing apraxia
Agnosia-anosognosia,affective agnosia
Left hemiparesis involving arm more then leg.
most infarcts here cause contralateral leg weakness
Anterior cerebral artery
the posterior cerebral artery supply what?
occipial lobe, patients may complain of inability to see the left side of the world in a right occipital stroke
the posterior artery supplies the vertebral and basilar arteries which supply cerebellum, medulla, pons, and midbrain. Since the pontine (in the pons) is responsible for arousal, infarcts may present with what?
altered consciousness, coma, pupillary abnormalities, ocular palsy
______ artery supplies the pons and superior and inferior cerebellum. Lesions of the base of the pons may produce a quadraplegia, bilateral face and tongue paralysis and the famous locked in syndrome.
basilar artery
produces upper and lower face weakness on same side, with contralateral motor and sensory loss
facial nerve block, if sensory and motor are on opposite sides think brainstem
with basilar artery stroke, the gaze preference will be to the
opposite side
Most common cause of hemorrhagic stroke
HTN
worst headache of life
subarachnoid
