Stretching Flashcards
Myostatic Contracture
Muscle shortening, decrease sarcomeres, decreased sarcomere length
Periarticular Contracture
Decrease connective tissue mobility that cross a joint or joint capsule
Arthrogenic Contracture
Intra-articular pathology (i.e. oseophytes, adhesions, joint effusion)
Pseudomyostatic Contracture
Hypertonicity limits ROM
Fibrotic and Irreversible Contracture
Replacement of connective tissue with non extensible tissue (i.e. scar tissue, fibrotic adhesions)
Most common contracture in PT
Myostatic, Perarticular, Arthrogenic
Toe region
Elastic region
Plastic region
Wavy collagen fibers straighten
Recoverable deformation of collagen fibers
Sequential failure of collagen resulting in release of heat and new fiber length
Necking
Region of the stress strain curve that requires less force to deformation
Contract Relax
Hold Relax
Autogenic inhibition, stretched muscle is contracted
Reciprocal inhibition, opposite of stretched muscle is contracted
Indication for stretching (5)
Decreased ROM Restricted ROM Postural deviations Preventing musculoskeletal injuries (before) Minimize DOMS (after)
Contraindications for stretching (4)
Bone block limits motion
Recent fracture
Infection/acute inflammation
Hypermobility
Duration of stretch
Static stretching: 30-60sec 1-3x
Cyclic stretching: low volume/intensity, 5-10sec
Mode of stretch indications
Manual: early stages, stabilize compensations, proprioceptive techniques
Self stretching: maintain gained ROM
Mechanical: prolonged stretch (30min to 10hrs)
Examination and stretching
- Determine available ROM
- Determine end feel and muscle length
- Evaluate irritability of involved tissues
- Are outcome goals realistic?
Stretching precautions
Osteoporosis
Prolonged bed rest
Near complete union fractures
Progress dosage gradually
