Stress, Coping, and Health

Question 1

Any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and that thereby tax one’s coping abilities

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

Stress lies in the eye of the beholder

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Experience whenever the pursuit if some goal is thwarted

Answer 3

Frustration

Question 4

Occurs when two or more incompatible motivations or behavioral impulses compete for expression

Answer 4

Conflict

Question 5

Major types of stress:

Answer 5

Conflict
Change
Pressure

Question 6

Any noticeable alterations in one’s living circumstances that require readjustment

Answer 6

Change

Question 7

Involves expectations or demands that one behave in a certain way

Answer 7

Pressure

Question 8

We can analyze a person’s reactions to stress at 3 levels:

Answer 8

1. Emotional responses
2. Physiological responses
3. Behavioral responses

Question 9

Stress frequently produces feelings of anger ranging from mild annoyance to uncontrollable rage

Answer 9

Annoyance, anger, and rage

Question 10

Stress probably evokes anxiety and fear more frequently than any other emotion.

Answer 10

Apprehension, anxiety, and fear

Question 11

Stress makes people sad, routine setbacks make us feel rejected, and profound setbacks typically leave us grief-stricken

Answer 11

Dejection, sadness, and grief

Question 12

Physiological arousal occurs as the body musters its resources to combat the threat

Answer 12

Fight-or-flight reaction

Question 13

Refers to the active efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the demands created by stress.

Answer 13

Coping

Question 14

People often respond to stress by striking out at others with aggressive behavior

Answer 14

Striking out at others

Question 15

Any behavior that is intended to hurt someone, either physically or verbally

Answer 15

Aggression

Question 16

Aggression is always caused by frustration

Answer 16

Frustration-aggression hypothesis

Question 17

When troubled by stress, many people engage in excessive consummatory behavior

Answer 17

Indulging oneself

Question 18

Sigmund Freud originally developed the concept of defense mechanism

Answer 18

Defensive coping

Question 19

Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions such as anxiety and guilt

Answer 19

Defense mechanisms

Question 20

Refers to relatively healthy efforts that people make to deal with stressful events

Answer 20

Constructive coping

Question 21

What accounts for nearly 40% of the deaths in the United States every year?

Answer 21

Heart disease

Question 22

Involves a reduction in blood flow in the coronary arteries

Answer 22

Coronary heart disease

Question 23

Connection between coronary risk and this syndrome.

Involves self-imposed stress and intense reactions to stress

Answer 23

Type A behavior

Question 24

The Type A personality includes 3 elements:

Answer 24

A strong competitive orientation
Impatience and time urgency
Anger and hostility

Question 25

Researchers cannot conclusively conclude that all of the correlations between stress and illness are causational

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Factors moderating the impact of stress:

Answer 26

Social support, optimism, conscientiousness

Question 27

Refers to various types of aid and support provided by members of one’s social networks

Answer 27

Social support

Question 28

A general tendency to expect good outcomes

Answer 28

Optimism

Question 29

To show self-discipline, act dutifully, and aim for achievement against measures or outside expectations

Answer 29

Conscientiousness

Question 30

A disorder in which the immune system is gradually weakened and eventually disabled by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Answer 30

AIDS

Question 31

What does AIDS stand for?

Answer 31

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome

Question 32

Typically the final stage of the HIV infection process

Answer 32

AIDS