Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC3170- Health Psychology > Stress and its Moderators > Flashcards

Stress and its Moderators Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Person-environment fit:

A

How well a person’s needs and resources align with the environment’s needs and resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some direct physiological effects of stress?

A
  1. Raises blood pressure
  2. Increases lipids
  3. Lowers immunity
  4. Alters hormonal activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does stress impact health behaviors?

A
  1. Reduces compliance with medical care
  2. Delays seeking treatment
  3. Obscures symptoms (make symptoms less noticeable)
  4. Makes disease management harder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does stress affect health habits?

A
  1. Leads to poor health habits
  2. Increases smoking
  3. Raises alcohol use
  4. Results in poor nutrition
  5. Causes lack of sleep
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three stages of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) Hans Selye,?

A
  1. Alarm Reaction: Body mobilizes resources to face stress.
  2. Stage of Resistance: Body copes and adapts to stress.
  3. Stage of Exhaustion: Prolonged stress drains resources, causing health issues.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Tend-and-Befriend response?

A

A stress response, especially in women, where individuals seek social support and show nurturing behavior due to biological influences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is primary appraisal in the context of stress?

A

The process of evaluating whether an event is positive, neutral, or negative. Negative events are further assessed for potential harm, threat, or challenge.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does secondary appraisal involve in stress management?

A

Assessing one’s ability to cope with a stressful situation and determining if resources are sufficient to deal with it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What personal and situational factors contribute to stressful appraisal?

A
  1. Personal factors: Personality traits, intellectual capacity, motivation.
  2. Situational factors: High demands, imminent threats.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to cortisol levels under stress during physiological recovery processes?

A

Cortisol levels take longer to return to normal under stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is allostatic load?

A

Refers to the fluctuation of physiological systems in the body to meet the demands of stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What types of events are typically more stressful?

A

Negative and uncontrollable events.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why are ambiguous events and overload stressful?

A

Ambiguity causes stress due to lack of action, while overload causes stress from too many tasks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do psychological and physiological adaptations differ in response to stress

A

Psychologically, most people adapt to moderate stress, but chronic stress impacts vulnerable groups more.

Physiologically, mild stress leads to habituation, but chronic stress harms multiple organ systems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Acute Stress Paradigm used for in the laboratory?

A
  1. Short-term stress impacts physiological, neuroendocrine, and psychological responses.
  2. Highlights individual differences in stress response.
  3. Identifies factors that reduce stress.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How has stress been assessed, particularly in relation to inducing disease and Stressful Life Events (SLE)?

A
  1. Stress assessed through intentional exposure to viruses (to induce disease)
  2. Stressful Life Events (SLE): substanial adjustment to the environment leads to high stress
    - High stress from SLE can predict illness
17
Q

What is the chief cause of occupational stress?

A

Work overload, which leads to physical and mental health problems.

18
Q

List some specific causes of stress in the workplace.

A
  1. Ambiguity and role conflict
  2. Social relationship issues
  3. Lack of control
  4. Job insecurity
  5. Unemployment
  6. Other occupational outcomes
19
Q

What increases stress when balancing work and family?

A

Conflicting home and work responsibilities, especially for women juggling multiple role

20
Q

What is coping in the context of stress and its characteristics?

A
  1. Coping involves thoughts and behaviors used to manage the internal and external demands of stressful situations.
  2. It is a dynamic process, and the relationship between coping and stress includes a broad range of actions and reactions.
21
Q

How does negative affectivity relate to health?

A

Negative affectivity, like anxiety, depression, and hostility, leads to poor health and higher illness risk.

22
Q

What is psychological control in the context of coping?

A

Psychological control is the belief that you can control your behavior, influence your environment, and achieve your goals.

23
Q

What is Locus of Control?

A

Locus of Control refers to whether we believe our outcomes are controlled internally (by our actions) or externally (by external forces).

24
Q

What is Self-Efficacy, Outcome Expectancy, and Self-Efficacy Expectancy?

A
  1. Self-Efficacy is the belief that we can succeed in a specific activity we aim to do.
  2. Outcome Expectancy is the belief that if the behavior is properly carried out, it will lead to a favorable outcome.
  3. Self-Efficacy Expectancy is the belief that we can perform the behavior correctly.
25
Q

Describe the relationship between the Five-Factor Model traits and stress.

A

Traits like neuroticism makes people more sensitive to stress due to negative emotions, while Conscientiousness helps reduce stress with disciplined, organized behavior.

26
Q

What distinguishes approach from avoidance coping?

A

Approach coping means facing and trying to change stressors, while avoidance coping means evading them. Effectiveness varies based on the stressor.

27
Q

What is problem-focused coping?

A

Problem-focused coping means actively solving or managing stressors through direct actions to reduce or fix the problem.

28
Q

What is emotion-focused coping?

A

Emotion-focused coping helps manage emotions related to a stressor, like expressing feelings or sometimes dwelling on it.

29
Q

What are coping outcomes? (3)

A
  1. Measures of physiological and biochemical functioning
  2. How quickly people return to pre-stress activities
  3. Effectiveness in reducing psychological distress
30
Q

What are the five main tasks of coping efforts?

A
  1. To reduce harmful environmental conditions and enhance the prospects of recovery
  2. To tolerate or adjust to negative events or realities
  3. To maintain a positive self-image
  4. To maintain emotional equilibrium
  5. To continue satisfying relationships with others
31
Q

What forms can social support take? (4)

A
  1. Tangible assistance
  2. Informational support
  3. Emotional support
  4. Invisible support (help received without the person being aware of it,)
32
Q

What are the genetic bases of social support?

A

The ability to perceive social support or pick supportive networks may be influenced by genetics.

33
Q

How does social support affect stress through biopsychosocial pathways?

A
  1. Reduces biological responses to stress
  2. Affects endocrine functioning in response to stress
  3. Reduces the risk of mortality
34
Q

What is the Buffering Hypothesis of social support?

A

Social support is especially beneficial during periods of high stress but less helpful when stress levels are low.

35
Q

What is the Matching Hypothesis in social support?

A

Support is most effective when it matches the specific needs of the person during a stressful situation.

36
Q

What is Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)?

A

MBSR is meditation training that helps people regulate their reactions to stress and negative emotions.

37
Q

What is the Direct Effects Hypothesis of social support?

A

Social support is generally beneficial during both non-stressful and stressful times.

PSYC3170- Health Psychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions