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Pathophysiology Exam 2 > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

1
Q

a state of worry or mental tension caused by a difficult situation

A

Stress

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2
Q

Stress is a condition or feeling experienced when a person perceives that “demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilize

A

Emotional Stress

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3
Q

environmental conditions that require behavioral adjustment

A

Environmental stress

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4
Q

How you react to what happens

A

Physiological Stress

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5
Q

Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale

A

Connects recent stress (Life units) to susceptibility to illness

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6
Q

3 types of stress

A

acute
episodic
chronic

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7
Q

How does the body react to modern stressors (psychological, interpersonal)?

A

As if we are still facing a physical threat (bear)

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8
Q

3 systems maintain homeostasis within the body in response to stress

A

Nervous system
Endocrine System
Immune system (depressed)

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9
Q

Fast response to stress is mediated by what axis

A

Sympathetic-adreno-medullar (SAM)

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10
Q

Slow response to stress is mediated by what axis?

A

hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)

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11
Q

“Rest and relaxation” part of the ANS

A

Parasympathetic

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12
Q

Actions of parasympathetic nervous system

A
  1. release Ach
  2. decrease HR and BP
  3. decrease glycogenolysis
  4. pupillary constriction
  5. Increased GI activity
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13
Q

“Fight or Flight” part of ANS

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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14
Q

Actions of sympathetic Nervous system

A

Release of norepinephrine & epinephrine
Increased heart rate & blood pressure
Increased respiratory rate and bronchial dilation
Increased glycogen to glucose in liver
Increased pupil diameter
Decreased GI activity

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15
Q

what are the 3 responses to physical stress

A

fight
flight
freeze

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16
Q

Which axis does this describe and is the fast or slow response?
1. Activation of HPA axis with release of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus
2. Stimulates the anterior pituitary to release Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
3. Stimulates the release of CORTISOL from the adrenal cortex

A

HPA Axis
Slow Response

17
Q

What are the 3 effects of Cortisol

A
  1. Immune Response
  2. Stress Response
  3. Regulation of Metabolism
18
Q

Cortisol induces what due to its immune response

A

Induce cell death of proinflammatory T cells
Suppress B cell antibody production
Reduce neutrophil migration during inflammatory response

19
Q

Cortisol induces what due to its stress response

A

Slow response to acute threat, allowing the body to stay on high alert
Cortisol enhances the activity of glucagon and epinephrine

20
Q

Cortisols regulation of metabolism

A

Increase availability of blood glucose to brain
Increase gluconeogenesis in the liver
Increase of protein degradation by muscle cells
Increase in lipolysis in adipose tissue  release of glycerol and free fatty acids
Acts on pancreas to decrease insulin and increase glucagon

21
Q

the maintenance of a stable internal environment in an organism despite the changes that occur in the external environment.

A

Homeostasis

22
Q

the process of achieving stability through physiologic and behavioral changes, controlling internal viability amid changes in the outside environment

A

Allostasis

23
Q

What occurs with homeostasis

A

regulation of pH, temperature, ion concentration

24
Q

what occurs with allostasis

A

alterations of ANS due to chronic stress
HPA axis hormones

25
Q

Continual exposure to stressors and chronic physiological responses increase what?

A

allostatic load

26
Q

Manifestations of Allostatic Overload

A

Decreased immune functions
Hypertension
Atherosclerosis
Increase platelet reactivity
Abdominal obesity
Bone demineralization
Atrophy of neurons in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex
Increased activity of amygdala

27
Q

Decreased immune functions in Allostatic Overload results in what

A

Increased susceptibility to illness

28
Q

HTN in Allostatic Overload results in what

A

Heart Disease/Stroke

29
Q

Atherosclerosis in Heart Disease in allostatic overload results in what

A

heart disease

30
Q

Increase platelet reactivity in allostatic overload results in what

A

thrombosis

31
Q

Abdominal obesity in allostatic overload results in what

A

heart disease and/or diabetes

32
Q

Bone demineralization in allostatic overload results in

A

osteoporosis

33
Q

Atrophy of neurons in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in allostatic overload results in

A

problems with memory/cognitive decline

34
Q

Increased activity of amygdala in allostatic overload results in what

A

anxiety
depression

35
Q

Techniques to manage stress

A

exercise
mindfulness
autogenics
hypnosis

Pathophysiology Exam 2 (5 decks)

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