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Nursing 1 test 3 > Stress > Flashcards

Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

Neuman’s System Model (NSM)

Nursing Theorist Betty Neuman

A

clients can maintain stability (system stability) if stressors do not exceed the client’s available resources

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2
Q

Client resources include (5)

A
  • their healthy body temperature
  • stressor response patterns
  • physical health
  • mental health and emotional characteristics
  • genetic makeup
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3
Q

A stressor

A

Any situation that is out of the ordinary

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4
Q

Positive effect of stress

A

Stress in small amounts can be beneficial and heighten a person’s awareness and response

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5
Q

Negative effect of stress

A

Too much stress can cause poor concentration and become detrimental

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6
Q

(T or F) When the body responds to stress, it can distinguish between good or bad stress

A

False

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7
Q

Stress response

A

the way our bodies respond to physically or emotionally to a stressor

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8
Q

Physiological Stress

A

➢affect the body’s structure and function

➢such as diseases, mobility problems

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9
Q

Psychological Stress

A

arise from life events

➢associated with work, personal realtionship/s

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10
Q

Situational Stress

A

random and unpredictable

➢examples include hurricanes, accidents

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11
Q

Eustress

A

beneficial or good stress

➢produces motivating and focused energy

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12
Q

Developmental Stress

A

associated with different stages of life

➢peer pressure, college graduation

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13
Q

Distress

A

can be a threat to health status

•financial worries, Covid pandemic

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14
Q

Time related Stress

A

➢inability to meet demands

➢multiple demands, rushing to appointments

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15
Q

Anticipatory Stress

A

related to upcoming or future event

➢exams, work deadlines

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16
Q

Selye’s Stress Response

A

Characterized by a series of psychological events called the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

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17
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

A

Occurs when certain adaptive hormones are released and cause changes in the structure and chemical composition of the body

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18
Q

Alarm Reaction: Alarm phase

Shock & Countershock

A

Stress stimulates the sympathetic nervous system (SNS)​

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19
Q

Alarm phase

A

SNS- stimulates the hypothalamus​
Hypothalmus – releases corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)​
CRH- stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)​
ACTH-stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete glucocorticoids (cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

20
Q

Alert phase continued

SNS system

A

Cortisol- Glucose sparing effect and anti-inflammatory effect​

Aldosterone- promotes fluid retention which increases the BP​

Endorphins- released by the hypothalamus produces a sense of well being ​

Thyroid-Stimulating hormone (TSH)- secreted by the pituitary gland and helps with fat conversion to energy

21
Q

Alert phase x3

More SNS symptoms

A

Short term effects​
Cardiac: increase HR, Peripheral vasoconstriction- blood flow is diverted to vital organs​

Respiratory : Increase depth of respirations and tidal volume​

Metabolic: Increased glycogen conversion to glucose- more available for energy consumption​

Urinary: Decreased blood flow to the kidneys- sodium and water retention. Secretion of renin causing increased BP​

Musculoskeletal: increased blood flow to the skeletal muscles

22
Q

Resistance phase

Body trying to counteract what happened in alarm phase

A

Controlled by the ANS

Parasympathetic

23
Q

Resistance ANS effects

A

Body attempts to return to normal by reducing the amount of cortisol produced.

The heart rate and blood pressure begin to return to normal.

24
Q

Stressful situation comes to an end

A

the body will then return to normal

25
Q

Stressor remains

A

The body will stay in a state of alert, and stress hormones continue to be produced

26
Q

Final stage of GAS after an extended period of stress

A

Exhaustion

27
Q

A person’s body is no longer equipped to fight stress.

They may experience:

A
  • tiredness
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • feeling unable to cope
28
Q

If a person does not find ways to manage stress levels at this stage, they are at risk of

A

developing stress-related health conditions

29
Q

Both Gas & Las have 3 stages:

A
  • alarm
  • resistance
  • exhaustion
30
Q

Local Adaptation Syndrome (LAS)

A

Local reaction where only one organ or body part reacts is affected

31
Q

Las responses:

A

Reflex pain response

inflammatory response

32
Q

Compensation

A
  • Occurs during the Alarm phase
  • Fight or Flight
  • Stimulation of the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)
33
Q

Adaptation

A

●Occurs during the Resistance phase
●Return to normal
●Stimulation of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
●Body still on alert

34
Q

Monitors the body’s physiology, assesses for alteration from normal and counteracts any changes to reverse the situation and return to normal

A

Negative Feedback system

35
Q

Maintains homeostasis

A

Negative Feedback System

36
Q

Intensifies a change in the body’s physiological condition instead of reversing it.

A

Positive Feedback System

37
Q

Normal response when there is a definite end piont

A

Positive Feedback system

38
Q

Stress Management Strategies

A 
●Exercise
●Communicate/ Share feelings
●Relaxation techniques
●Guided Imagery
●Meditation/ Prayer
●Healthy lifestyle
●Involve in enjoyable activities, laugh, a sense of humor
●Counseling
39
Q

Nursing Management

A

●Patient’s stressors: actual or perceived
●Assess personal meaning of stressor/s
●Assess physiological manifestations
●Assess coping strategies, Support system/s

40
Q

Nursing Diagnosis

A

●Anxiety
●Ineffective coping
●Stress overload

41
Q

Medication management of anxiety, hormonal imbalances

A

Pharmacological

42
Q

Diet Modification (avoid stimulants), exercise, outdoor activities.

A

Nutritional and Lifestyle

43
Q

Physical Therapy (for pain management).

A

Symptomatic treatments

44
Q

Surgical management (e.g., thyroid mass), antibiotic treatment for infection

A

Disease specific treatments

45
Q

Disease specific treatments

A

Other plan of care

46
Q

Medical evaluation of disease

Providers plan:

A
  • Medical history
  • Physical examination
  • Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies
  • CBC, Chemistry, Thyroid studies (TSH)
  • Ultrasound/ Sonogram, CT Scan.

Nursing 1 test 3 (2 decks)

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