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Stress Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 approaches to defining stress

A
  1. PHYSIOLOGICAL REACTIONS AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES
  2. THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE ENVIRONMENT
  3. THE BIO-PSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF STRESS.
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2
Q

What did Selye contribute to defining stress

A

Selye(1976) was particularly interested in the body’s reaction to stressors.

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3
Q

Define approach to defining stress in terms of interaction between the individual and the environment.
What is the transactional model?

A

Transactional model- a person responds to stress by making a cognitive appraisal of the stress

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4
Q

What are the 2 stages of the transactional model- appraisal of the stress

A

Primary appraisal

Secondary appraisal

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5
Q

What is the appraisal appraisal?

A

The event is evaluated as stressful or not stressful

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6
Q

Secondary appraisal?

A

Occurs after the event has been evaluated as a threat or a challenge.

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7
Q

What the elements of a BIO-PSYCHOSOCIAL model of stress

A

Internal component
External component
Interaction between these 2 components

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8
Q

What is the FIGHT OR FLIGHT ✈️ response?

A

Response by the body immediately in a sequence of psycho-physiological responses.

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9
Q

What are the 2 Systems involved in the flight or fight response?

A

Autonomous nervous system

Endocrine system

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10
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system and what are it’s 2 separated system within it?

A

Sympathetic system– responsible for arousal and stimulated state. This arousal involves an increase in heart rate, dilation of arteries, activation of certain endocrine glands

Parasympathetic system– brings gebbofy back into its rested state. It acts to reverse the arousal, and therefore conserving and protecting the body’s resources.

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11
Q

Endocrine system

Function of thyroxine

A

Stimulates metabolism

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12
Q

Endocrine system

Function of adrenaline

A

Interacts with organ receptor cells to increase heart rate and blood pressure and instruct liver to release extra sugar

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13
Q

WHAT DOES THE The General adaptation syndrome ( GAS ) DESCRIBE.

A

Describes the set of reactions that follow the organism’s exposure to an impeding threat.

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14
Q

What did Selye note about prolonged stress

A

He noted that it goes through 3 phases
Alarm 🚨 reaction
The stage of resistance
The exhaustion stage

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15
Q

What is the alarm reaction?

GAS

A

The body mobilises it’s resources to respond to the threat

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16
Q

What is the resistance stage?

GAS

A

Involves a continued state of arousal as the body’s response stabilises

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17
Q

The resistance stage

Notes

A

It results in diseases as the hormones produces by the body may damage organs and make it susceptible to diseases

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18
Q

What happens in the exhaustion stage

GAS

A

The body’s resources are finally exhausted. Followed by complete breakdown.

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19
Q

What is stress?

A

Any circumstance that threatens or is perceived to threaten well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities

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20
Q

What are the 3 types of stress?

A

Acute
Intermittent/Episodic
Chronic

21
Q

What is acute stress?

A

A reaction to an immediate threat and often results in the fight-or-flight response

22
Q

What are the various symptoms of acute stress?

A

Emotional distress
Muscular tension
Digestive system problems
Autonomic system

23
Q

What is intermittent stress?

A

Responses to stressors that vary in duration, alternating between periods of stress and calm

24
Q

Episodic acute stress( same as intermittent stress)

A

Almost a personality type and it typifies people who worry consistently or who take on too much in their lives

25
What is the Chronic Stress ( Long term stress)?
It poses ongoing stressful situations that are not short-lived.
26
What is chronic stress
In situations of chronic stress, the flight-or-fight response is not helpful and has to be suppressed Stressors are of relatively long duration and can pose prolonged activation of the body's stress response.
27
What is a stressor?
Stressors are a stimulus that cause stress reactions
28
How can life changes impact an individual
Life changes can cause acute or chronic stress
28
How can life changes impact an individual
Life changes can cause acute or chronic stress
29
What is A SOCIAL READJUSTMENT RATING SCALE?
SRRS is a mothod for measuring cumulative stress that a person is exposed to over a period of time.
30
What balances Hassles
Uplifts
31
What are the 3 sources of internal and external stressors
Frustration Conflict Pressure
32
What is approach-approach conflict ?
Chosing between 2 appealing needs
33
What is Avoidance-Avoidance conflict
Choosing between 2 non-desirable goals
34
What are the 3 sources of internal and external stressors
PRESSURE Social expectations Self-imposed stress
35
What is a burnout ?
A type of stress or the last stage of stress - A syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among people who work with people, like health practitioners
36
What are the dimensions of developing a burnout ?
Emotional exhaustion Depersonalisation Reduced sense of accomplishment
37
What did maslach suggest?
MASLACH (1982 ) suggested that some individuals may be prone to developing burnout due to their personality
38
What causes burnout for Healthcare practitioners?
Lack of positive feedback from patients Lack of improvement in the patients and condition Patients with severe and demanding illnesses
39
What are the 3 symptoms of Burnout?
Physical Affective- cognitive Behavioural
40
What are the physical symptoms
``` Chronic fatigue Frequent headaches Shortness of breath Back and stomach pains Insomnia ```
41
What are the affective cognitive symptoms?
Development of a self negative self concept Meaninglessness and alienation Depression and lack of motivation A sense of emotional and spiritual depletion
42
What are the Behavioural symptoms of Burnout?
Difficulties starting or finishing tasks. Difficulties empathizing with patients. Reluctance to socialize outside work. Displays anger, impatience and irritation
43
What are the common reactions to stress ?
Annoyance, anger and rage Apprehension, anxiety and fear Dejection, sadness and grief
44
How do people respond to stress behaviourally ?
``` Self blame Frustration Self indulgence Defensive coping Constructive coping ```
45
What is defensive coping
Involving some form of self-deception deing with unwelcome emotions related to stress, including reducing their intensity.
46
What is constructive coping?
Confronting the stressful event directly, appraising realistically the stress and one's coping resources, and regulating disruptive emotional reactions to stress.
47
What are adaptive reactions?
Behaviours designed to manage the daily hassles that people encounter through

Psychology (3 decks)

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