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Owenbacteria Block 2 > Streptococcus Species > Flashcards

Streptococcus Species Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the metabolic profile of Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A).

  1. Catalase activity
  2. Aerobicity
  3. Hemolytic activity
A
  1. Catalase-negative
  2. Microaerophilic
  3. Beta-hemolytic
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2
Q

What enzymes allow for the Beta-hemolysis of *Streptococcus pyogenes *(Group A)?

What is each’s oxygen lability and antigenicity?

A
  1. Streptolysin O: Oxygen labile – Antigenic
  2. Streptolysin-S: Oxygen stable – Non-antigenic
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3
Q

What “Group” is Strep. pyogenes?

A

Group A

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4
Q

What elements create the virulence of Strep. pyogenes?

A
  1. M-like surface proteins
  2. Lipotechoic acid
  3. Streptokinase production
  4. Hyaluronidase production
  5. DNAase production
  6. Anti-C5a peptidases
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5
Q

What is the function of M-like proteins of Strep. pyogenes?

A
    • Blocks complement
    • Binds Fc fragment of antibodies
    • Adherence
    • Assists with invasion
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6
Q

What is the function of Lipotechoic acid in S. pyogenes?

A

It is an adherence factor

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7
Q
  1. What is the function of the Hyaluronic acid capsule in S. pyogenes?
  2. What is the function of C5a peptidase in S. pyogenes?
A
  1. It assists with avoidance of opsonization
  2. It degrades C5a and prevents chemotaxis
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8
Q
  1. What is the function of Streptokinase in S. pyogenes?
  2. What is the function of DNAases in S. pyogenes?
A
  1. It cleaves plasminogen, fibrin, and fibrinogen
  2. It depolymerizes DNA from lysed cells
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9
Q

What are the toxins associated with Strep. pyogenes (_G_roup A _S_trep)?
What are they associated with?

A
  1. Erythrogenic/Pyogenic Toxin – Responsible for Scarlet fever
  2. Toxic shock syndrome toxin (similar to but different than Staph TSST-1) – Responsible for Strep Toxic Shock
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10
Q

What are the common traits for all Streptococcus species?

A
  1. **Gram + cocci **in pairs or chains
  2. Facultative anaerobes
  3. Oxidase positive
  4. Catalase negative
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11
Q

What illnesses can result from direct invasion/toxin of Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS)?

A
  1. Pharyngitis
  2. Skin infection: Cellulitis/Folliculitis/Impetigo/Nec Fasc
  3. Scarlet fever
  4. Toxic Shock Syndrom
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12
Q

What antibody mediated illnesses can occur from *Streptococcus pyogenes *(GAS) infection?
What symptoms are present for each?

A
  1. Rheumatic fever: myocarditis, migratory polyarthritis, chorea, rash, heart valve damage (10-20yrs)
  2. Acute Glomerulonephritis: tea colored urine following strep skin or pharynx infection.
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13
Q

What is the best treatment for Strep pyogenes infections?

A

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Cephalosporin or Macrolide for Pen. allergies

IV Penicillin + Protein synthesis inhibitor (Clinda) for invasive/systemic infections

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14
Q
  1. What does the Gram stain microscopy look like for S. pyogenes?
  2. What is diagnostic for S. pyogenes on culture?
  3. What is the limitation of Rapid Strep swab?
A
  1. Gram positive cocci in chains
  2. It is the only beta-hemolytic strep sensitive to bacitracin.
  3. It is only a positive or negative for S. pyogenes (GAS)
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15
Q

What is the Lancefield group for Strep. agalactiae?

A

Group B

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16
Q

What is the metabolic profile of Group B Strep. agalactiae?

Catalase activity
Aerobic activity
Hemolytic activity
Bacitracin sensitivity on culture

A

Catalase negative
Facultative anaerobe
_Beta-hemolytic
Bacitracin resistant_

17
Q
  1. What are the most common illnesses associated with Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS)?
  2. How is GBS menigitis diagnosed?
  3. What is the treatment for Group B Strep infection?
A
  1. Neonatal meningitis/pneumonia/sepsis
    Sepsis in pregnant women
  2. Gram stain and culture of CSF
  3. Penicillin G
18
Q

What is the metabolic profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

Catalase activity
Aerobic activity
Hemolytic activity

A
  1. Catalase negative
  2. Facultative anaerobe
  3. Alpha-hemolytic
19
Q
  1. What is Streptococcus pneumoniae’s primary virulence characteristic?
  2. What is a secondary virulence trait?
A
  1. It’s capsule has a very strong resistance to phagocytosis
  2. It’s toxic cell wall activates IL-1 and TNF-alpha and an intense inflammatory reaction.
20
Q

What are the 4 primary illnesses produced by S. pneumoniae?

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. Meningitis
  3. Sepsis
  4. Otitis media
21
Q
  1. What would a gram stain of S. pneumoniae reveal?
  2. What is *S. pneumoniae *sensitive to on culture?
  3. What does a Quellung reaction detect?
A
  1. Gram positive diplococci
  2. Optochin sensitive
  3. Presence of a capsule
22
Q
  1. How does the pneumovax vaccine work?
  2. What is the treatment for S. pneumoniae?
A
  1. It is an anti-capsular antibody vaccine of 23/83 polysaccharides. There is a 13 valent vaccine for children less than 2.
  2. Penicillin G (IM) or
    Erythro/Azythromycin and Ceftriaxone
23
Q

What serious illness might an individual have if they culture positive for Streptococcus bovis?

A

Gastrointestinal cancer

Owenbacteria Block 2 (12 decks)

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