Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

[MICR102A] Midterms > Streptococcus > Flashcards

Streptococcus Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the bacteria:

  • gram (+), non-motile, capsulated
  • round to ovoid (0.6-1.0um diameter)
  • non-spore forming facultative anaerobe coccus in pairs/chains
A

Streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Habitats of Streptococcus (2)

A
  • saprophytes in milk
  • parasites of mucous membranes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Simple classification system of Streptococcus divided into 4 groups based on physiology

A

Sherman’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 groups of Sherman’s Classification?

A

1.) Pyogenic
2.) Viridans
3.) Lactic
4.) Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pathogenic species of Streptococcus belong under which group of Sherman’s Classification? From the word “pyo” which means pus.

A

Pyogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Streptococcus that produce green hemolysis and are alpha hemolytic, belong under which group of Sherman’s Classification?

A

Viridans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Streptococcus associated with milk belong under which group of Sherman’s Classification?

A

Lactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Streptococcus that are intestinal inhabitant
(entero) and are associated with diseases affecting the intestines, belong under which group of Sherman’s Classification?

A

Enterococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Classification system of Streptococcus based on serologically active carbohydrate (C substance) which is antigenically different from one species to another therefore produce different antibodies

A

Lancefield Grouping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many groups are there in the Lancefield Grouping?

A

20 groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 6 initial groups in the Lancefield Grouping?

A

A, B, C, D, E, and N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 14 eventually discovered other antibodies groups in the Lancefield Grouping?

A

F, G, H, K, L, M, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Antigen that’s key marker of Streptococcus, it’s found in or around the cell wall, often with teichoic acids

A

C carbohydrate antigen (CHO or polysaccharide Ag)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Teichoic acids are only found in gram (+) or gram (-) bacteria?

A

Gram-positive (+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does fastidious mean?

A

requires nutritional requirement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Identify the bacteria based on these cultural characteristics:

  • more fastidious organisms require enrichment with blood or serum
  • won’t grow on ordinary medium
  • small, delicate, translucent colonies (1mm diameter) smaller than Staph
A

Streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Streptococcus grow well and is usually isolated from ____ producing lactic acid. It causes souring.

A

milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Virulence factors of Streptococcus (4)

A

1.) Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
2.) Protein M
3.) Lipoteichoic Acid
4.) Extracellular Products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococcus that’s a cementing substance of tissues which cements the capsule to protect it from harmful substances and interfere in phagocytosis

A

Hyaluronic Acid Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococcus that produces type-specific immunity and
inhibits phagocytosis (kills phagocytes) immunotoxic effect on polymorphs and platelets

A

Protein M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Virulence factor of Streptococcus that’s found in hair-like fimbriae responsible for attachment of streptococci to epithelial cells

A

Lipoteichoic Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Extracellular Products that are virulence factors of Streptococcus

A

1.) Hemolysin
2.) Streptokinase
3.) DNAses
4.) Hyaluronidase
5.) NADases
6.) Proteinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Dominant virulence factors of Streptococcus (2)

A

Hyaluronic Acid Capsule
Protein M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Extracellular product that destroys red blood cells

A

Hemolysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

2 types of Hemolysin

A

Streptolysin O
Streptolysin S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Antibodies to this oxygen sensitive hemolysin are good indicator of present/past infections as well as presence of pus infection with Streptococcus

A

Streptolysin O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Type of hemolysin that is peptide, non-antigenic, and extractable by serum

A

Streptolysin S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S produce what type of hemolysis which indicates that it’s more pathogenic

A

Beta hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Both Streptolysin O and Streptolysin S are toxic for neutrophils and macrophages. True or False?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

lysis/destroys fibrin

A

fibrinolysin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

destroys protein material

A

protease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Extracellular product that activates plasminogen to plasmin leading to digestion of the fibrin clots which then leads to delayed healing process

A

Streptokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Extracellular product also known as Streptodornase that is an extracellular enzyme that assist in production of substrate for growth )enhances growth of organism so it’s considered to be a virulence factor); reduces the viscosity of the fluid containing DNA (pus)

A

DNAses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Substrate of DNAses/Streptodornase

35
Q

4 types of DNAses

A

A, B, C, and D

36
Q

Extracellular product that is an enzyme which destroys hyaluronic acid and promotes spread of infection in tissues (since it dissolves cementing substance)

A

Hyaluronidase

37
Q

Extracellular product that kill phagocytes produced by some Group A Streptococci

38
Q

Extracellular product that has broad substrate specificity, produced by Group A Streptococci

A

Proteinase

39
Q

What does CAMP Test stand for?

A

Christie, Atkins, Munch-Peterson

40
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • long chains in secretions from infected udder
  • brick reddish growth on solid medium containing starch
  • CAMP test: synergistic hemolysis produced by sequential action of staphylococcal sphingomyelinase (B-toxin) and ceramide-binding protein (N-acyl sphingosine)
A

Streptococcus agalactiae

41
Q

S. agalactiae can infect mammary glands of which animals?

A

cow, sheep, and goat

42
Q

What part of the animal does S. agalactiae enter?

43
Q

S. agalactiae spread through…? (3)

A

1.) milker’s hand
2.) contaminated milking machine
3.) mouth of calves

44
Q

When S. agalactiae colonize mammary glands of an animal, what happens to the mammary glands?

A

inflammation and fibrosis of adjoining area

45
Q

When an animal is infected with S. agalactiae, what happens to its milk?

A
  • becomes alkaline
  • reduced, thin, and watery
46
Q

WBC count of an animal infected with S. agalactiae?

A

exceeds 500,000/ml

47
Q

Vaccination is an effective means of controlling S. agalactiae infection. True or False?

A

False

not effective

48
Q

How is S. agalactiae infection diagnosed? (2)

A
  • direct smears
  • colony characteristics & biochemical test
49
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • acute, severe mastitis
  • Lancefield Group C
  • often produces distinct greenish discoloration
A

Streptococcus dysagalactiae

50
Q

Infection of S. dysagalactiae is much less frequent than S. agalactiae. True or False?

51
Q

S. dysagalactiae is known to produce what enzyme?

A

Hyaluronidase

52
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • normal commensal of skin, upper respiratory tract, tonsils, and lymphoid tissues of horses
  • closely related to S. equi and S.equisimilis
  • most common cause of wound infections in horse
A

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

53
Q

S. zooepidemicus are secondary invader of viral infections in upper respiratory tract of foals. True or False?

54
Q

S. zooepidemicus can cause what disease in cows?

55
Q

S. zooepidemicus can cause what diseases in lambs? (3)

A
  • Fibrinous Pleuritis
  • Pericarditis
  • Pneumonia
56
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • bovine mastitis
  • acute but mild
  • does not react in Lancefield Grouping
A

Streptococcus uberis

57
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • most frequent cause of suppurative arthritis in pigs
  • tonsillar tissues and draining lymph nodes
  • closely related to S. zooepidemicus
A

Streptococcus equisimilis

58
Q

Suppurative arthritis in pigs caused by S. equisimilis show what clinical signs?

A
  • lameness
  • swelling of joints
  • necrosis of joint surfaces
59
Q

Vaccine against S. equisimilis shown to stimulate protective immunity. True or False?

60
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • strangles
  • long chains in exudates and fluid cultures
  • sometimes with definite capsular material
  • outer surface of organism with peach-fuzz like coating of protein under electron microscope
A

Streptococcus equi

61
Q

Severe purulent infection of upper respiratory tract and draining lymph nodes in horses

62
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp. based on these cultural & biochemical features:

  • colonies are matt or mucoid
  • matt colonies with irregular surface folding and look dried
  • O2 sensitive Streptolysin O-like hemolysin produces wide zone of B-hemolysis
A

Streptococcus equi

63
Q

S. equi matt colonies with irregular surface folding and look dried due to what?

A

phage-controlled hyaluronidase action on hyaluronic acid capsule

64
Q

S. equi carries what antigens? (2)

A

R antigen
M antigen

65
Q

Which antigen of S. equi is acid, heat, and trypsin resistant but pepsin sensitive, and cross-reacts with S. zooepidemicus?

66
Q

Which antigen of S. equi provides antiphagocytic action?

67
Q

S. equi is an obligate parasite of Equidae. True or False?

68
Q

Route/portal of entry of S. equi? (2)

A

oral (ingestion most common)
nasal (inhalation of infective droplets)

69
Q

Incubation period of S. equi?

A

6 days - 3 weeks or more

70
Q

Pathogenesis of S. equi? (4 steps)

A
  1. epithelial cells of oropharynx
  2. lesion interiorized
  3. lymph drainage to submandibular & retropharyngeal lymph nodes
  4. abscess formation
71
Q

In S. equi infection, which factors are the complement-derived chemotactic factors that release and attract PMN cells?

A

factors C3a and C5a

72
Q

Other virulence factors of S. equi that are responsible for high rate of intracellular survival? (2)

A

M protein
Hyaluronic acid capsule

73
Q

The following set of symptoms are caused by which Streptococcus sp.?

  • high fever & serous nasal discharge
  • mucopurulent
  • nasopharyngeal mucosa inflamed & small abscesses develop in lymphoid follicles of soft palate
  • submandibular & retropharyngeal lymph nodes
  • abscesses rupture in 1-2 weeks & animal recovers quickly & completely after drainage of purulent material
74
Q

Condition caused by S. equi characterized by formation of abscesses in thorax or abdomen and rupture results to death?

A

Bastard strangles

75
Q

Complications caused by S. equi? (3)

A

1.) Laryngeal hemiplegia
2.) Guttural pouch empyema
3.) Purpura hemorrhagica (side effect of vaccination)

76
Q

Is there vaccine against S. equi, Yes or No?

A

Yes

immunity after recovery from first vaccination but can contract disease again

77
Q

S. equi Diagnosis? (4)

A

1.) RIA
2.) ELISA
3.) Mouse protection test
4.) Gel diffusion precipitin test

78
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • cervical lymphadenitis
  • swine strangles
  • abscessation of mandibular, retropharyngeal, & parotid node (jowl abscessation)
  • group E
A

Streptococcus porcinus

79
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • meningitis & septicemia in young pigs
  • zoonotic
  • Lancefield Group D
A

Streptococcus suis

80
Q

Identify the Streptococcus sp.:

  • mucous membranes of dogs & cats
  • metritis & vaginitis in bitches
  • Lancefield Group G
A

Streptococcus canis

81
Q

Streptococcus sp. that is abundant in feces of horses?

A

Streptococcus equinus

82
Q

Streptococcus sp. that has no pathogenic properties but omnipresent in milk, common milk-souring organism, and is short chains?

A

Streptococcus lactis

83
Q

Streptococcus sp. that is always present in mouth & intestinal tract of cattle?

A

Streptococcus bovis

[MICR102A] Midterms (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions