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Clin. Bacteriology (Lecture) > STREPTOCOCCI > Flashcards

STREPTOCOCCI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the GRAM CLASSIFICATION of Streptococci? Is it the same with Staphylococci?

A

Gram Positive, same with Staphylococci

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2
Q

What is the CATALASE RESULT of Streptococci? Is it the same with Staphylococci?

A

Catalase NEGATIVE. Staphylococci are catalase POSITIVE.

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3
Q

What is the OXIDASE RESULT of Streptococci? Is it the same with Staphylococci?

A

Oxidase NEGATIVE, same with Staphylococci.

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4
Q

Describe Streptococci in terms of KINGDOM, ORDER, FAMILY, GRAM CLASSIFICATION, CATALASE RESULT, and OXIDASE RESULT

A

Kingdom: Prokaryote/Monera
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Streptococcaceae
Gram: POSITIVE
Catalase: NEGATIVE
Oxidase: NEGATIVE

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5
Q

What is the arrangement and morphology of Streptococci?

A

Chains/Clusters, Spherical

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6
Q

What are the three genera of Family Streptococcaceae?

A

Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Lactococcus

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7
Q

Previously known as Group D Streptococci

A

Enterococcus

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8
Q

Previously known as Group N Streptococci

A

Lactococcus

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9
Q

Describe Streptococci based on motility.

A

Non-motile

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10
Q

Streptococci are not difficult to kill because they don’t have spores. Therefore, Streptococci are described as?

A

Non-spore former

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11
Q

Size of Streptococci

A

0.5 to 2.0 um (micrometer)

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12
Q

Young cultures of Streptococci have ______

A

Capsules

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13
Q

Streptococci are (positive/negative) in gas production

A

Negative

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14
Q

Streptococci can/cannot ferment carbohydrates

A

Carbohydrate fermenters

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15
Q

Choices: BAP, NAP

Growth of Streptococci is more pronounced on ____ and poor on ____

A

Pronounced: BAP
Poor: NAP

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16
Q

The growth of Streptococci is enhanced by blood, therefore, they are _____ and grow best in _____ medium

A

Fastidious, BAP

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17
Q

Describe the culture of Streptococci.

A

Grayish
Pinpoint
Translucent to Slightly Opaque
Mucoid
Small and somewhat transparent

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18
Q

What are the hemolytic patterns of Streptococci?

A

Alpha (partial)
Beta (complete)
Gamma (non-hemolytic)

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19
Q

Streptococci may grow with or without the presence of Oxygen, therefore, they are _____

A

Facultative ANAEROBE

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20
Q

Streptococci are FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE, except _________.

A

Peptostreptococci

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21
Q

Describe Peptostreptococci

A

Obligate ANAEROBE, there must be NO oxygen for them to grow

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22
Q

Some species of Streptococci are _____ because they require increased concentration of CO2

A

Capnophilic

23
Q

The cell wall of Streptococci is composed of thick layer of __________ and _________ layer

A

Peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid

24
Q

Most Streptococci, except for most members of ____________, have a common ____________, a polysaccharide, on their cell walls that is used to classify Streptococci serologically. This classification scheme was developed by _______________ in 1930s (1933).

A

Viridans Group
Antigenic C Carbohydrate
Rebecca Lancefield

25
Q

Classification scheme based on:

  1. Type and Patern of Hemolysis
  2. Physiologic divisions
  3. Antigenic properties
  4. Hemolytic pattern and temperature growth
A
  1. Brown’s Classification of Hemolysis
  2. Sherman’s Classification
  3. Lancefield Antigen Grouping
  4. Bergey’s Classification
26
Q

BROWN’S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS

  1. Brown’s Classification is developed by _______ in 1919.
  2. The sources of blood are ____, ______, ______, _____.
  3. The most used blood is _______.
  4. What are the 4 classifications under this?
A
  1. J.H. Brown
  2. Sheep, Horse, Rabbit, Human
  3. Sheep Blood

*Traditional mixture: 5% sheep’s blood agar with trypticase soy agar

  1. Alpha, beta, gamma, alpha prime
27
Q

BROWN’S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS

  1. Describe alpha hemolysis
  2. What are the two hemolysins that can cause alpha hemolysis?
  3. Alpha hemolysis is a reduction of _______
  4. What pigment color is produced around the colony?
A
  1. Incomplete/Partial hemolysis
  2. Streptolysin S and Streptolysin O
  3. Hemoglobin
  4. Green
28
Q

BROWN’S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS

  1. Describe beta hemolysis
  2. In here, there is ______ area/zone around the bacterial growth
A
  1. Complete hemolysis of RBC
  2. Clear
29
Q

BROWN’S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS

  1. Describe gamma hemolysis
  2. Is there a change in agar?
A
  1. Non-hemolytic/Lack of hemolysis
  2. None
30
Q

BROWN’S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS

  1. Describe alpha prime hemolysis
  2. It is also known as ______.
  3. What specific hemolysis surrounds the colony?
  4. What specific hemolysis surrounds the hemolysis around the colony?
  5. Describe the zone of the two hemolysis
A
  1. Both alpha and beta hemolysis are present
  2. Wide zone
  3. Alpha hemolysis
  4. Beta hemolysis
  5. Small zone
31
Q

SHERMAN’S CLASSIFICATION

  1. Sherman’s Classification is based on these 3 factors.
  2. What are the four physiologic divisions under this classification?
A
  1. Hemolytic reactions
    Carbohydrate antigens
    Phenotype tests
  2. Pyogenic, Viridans, Lactococcus, Enterococcus
32
Q

SHERMAN’S CLASSIFICATION

  1. ________ division includes the _______ hemolytic strains
  2. What are the strains in q1?
A
  1. Pyogenic, Beta
  2. A, B, C, D, E, F, G
33
Q

SHERMAN’S CLASSIFICATION

  1. ______ classification includes Streptococci spp. that are not ____-tolerant
  2. This classification can’t grow at what range of temperature?
A
  1. Viridans, Salt
  2. 10-45°C
34
Q

SHERMAN’S CLASSIFICATION

  1. This division is NOT clinically significant.
  2. This division is associated with what industry?
A
  1. Lactococci
  2. Dairy
35
Q

LANCEFIELD’S CLASSIFICATION

  1. What are the first 5 groups?
  2. What are the clinically significant groups?
  3. Organisms are placed in ________ and are heated for ______ minutes to extract C Carbohydrates
  4. This carbohydrate forms the basis of serologic groupings (Groups A-H, and K-U)
A
  1. A, B, C, D, E
  2. A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
  3. Dilute acid, 10
  4. C Carbohydrate
36
Q

BERGEY’S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC)

What are the 4 classifications under Bergey’s Classification?

A

Pyogenic
Viridans
Enterococcus*
Lactococcus

37
Q

BERGEY’S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC)

Pyogenic

  1. They are mostly ___-hemolytic
  2. They neither grow on ____°C nor ____°C, they can only grow at ____°C
  3. Why do they only grow at the temperature in q2?
  4. Pyogenic produces _____ and _____
  5. Give 1 example
A
  1. Beta
  2. 10, 45, 37
  3. Because they mimic the body temp.
  4. Pus, Diseases
  5. Streptococcus pyogenes
38
Q

BERGEY’S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC)

Viridans

  1. They are mostly ___-hemolytic or ____-hemolytic
  2. Microbiota of __________________________
  3. Grow at ____°C and ____°C, but not at ____°C
  4. Give 1 example
A
  1. Alpha, Non
  2. Upper Respiratory Tract (URT)
  3. 37, 45, 10
  4. Enterococcus faecalis
39
Q

BERGEY’S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC)

Enterococcus*

  1. Microbiota of _______________
  2. Grow at _______°C temperatures
A
  1. Human intestines
  2. 10, 37, 45
40
Q

BERGEY’S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC)

Lactococcus

  1. Mostly _____-hemolytic with Group ____ antigens
  2. Found in _______ products
  3. Can grow at ___°C and ____°C
  4. Give 1 example
  5. This specie under Lactococcus causes the souring of milk
A
  1. Non, N
  2. Dairy
  3. 10, 37
  4. Streptococcus lactis
  5. Streptococcus lactis
41
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes is under what Lancefield Classification?

A

Group A

42
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes is also known as ___________ bacteria and ____________ bacteria

A

Fever-inducing, Flesh-eating

43
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes is a normal/not normal flora

A

not a normal flora

44
Q

Describe the colony of Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Smooth, glossy, round, mucoid

45
Q

Why is the colony of S. pyogenes mucoid?

A

Because of the presence of M (emm) protein

46
Q

The presence of __________ is an indicator of increased virulence of S. pyogenes

A

M (emm) protein (hairlike projections)

47
Q

There are more than _____ types of M Proteins exist

A

> 200 (M1, M2…)

48
Q

T/F. Cell wall structure of S. pyogenes is similar to that of other Streptococcus spp. and Gram+ bacteria

A

True

49
Q

What are the three associated clinical manifestations with S. pyogenes

A

bacterial pharyngitis, skin infections, complications such as rheumatic heart disease and acute glomerulonephritis

50
Q

Mode of transmission of S. pyogenes

A

Direct person to person
Indirect in aerosol droplets from coughing or sneezing

51
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

  1. Best defined virulence factor of S. pyogenes, encoded by _________
  2. Your answer in q1 contains ________
  3. Your answer in q1 is a surface protein found in _________ strains of S. pyogenes
  4. Function of your answer in q1
A
  1. M (emm) Protein, gene emm
  2. Hyaluronic acid
  3. Encapsulated
  4. Prevents phagocytosis to survive within the host
52
Q

What are the 6 virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes

A
  1. Protein M (emm)
  2. Protein F (Fibronectin-binding protein)
  3. Lipoteichoic acid
  4. Hyaluronic Acid capsule
  5. Hemolysins
  6. Toxins and Enzymes
53
Q

This virulence factor of S. pyogenes mediates epithelial cell attachment

A

Protein F (Fibronectin-binding protein)

Clin. Bacteriology (Lecture) (4 decks)

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