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BELLO PSYCHOLOGY 2 > Strengths And Weaknesses > Flashcards

Strengths And Weaknesses Flashcards

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1
Q

Give 2 strengths of independent measures designs.

A
  • different P’s = no order effects

* task only seen once = no demand characteristics

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2
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of an independent measures designs.

A
  • more P’s needed

* individual differences distort results

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3
Q

Give 2 strengths of repeated measures designs.

A
  • individual differences don’t distort results

* fewer P’s needed

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4
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of repeated measures designs.

A
  • order effects (practice, fatigue, etc) = distort results

* task seen more that once = demand characteristics

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5
Q

Give 2 strengths of matched participants.

A
  • task only seen once = less demand characteristics

* controls for individual differences

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6
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of matched participants.

A
  • similarity between pairs is limited

* time consuming and difficult to match

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7
Q

Give 2 strengths of a lab experiment.

A
  • control over extraneous variables

* can be repeated = reliable

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8
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of a lab experiment.

A
  • low ecological validity

* demand characteristics

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9
Q

Give 2 strengths of a field experiment.

A
  • normal situation = representative behaviour

* demand characteristics = no problem if P’s unaware of study

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10
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of a field experiment.

A
  • control over extraneous variables = difficult (can’t be sure of cause and effect)
  • if unaware of a study = ethical issues
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11
Q

Give 2 strengths of a quasi-experiment.

A
  • allows us to study variables not ethically manipulated

* real life relevance

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12
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of quasi-experiments.

A
  • only possible when naturally occurring differences arise

* control over extraneous variables = difficult

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13
Q

Give a strength of participant observations.

A

• real behaviour seen = validity

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14
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of a participant observation.

A
  • observer bias

* if aware of study behaviour won’t be representative

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15
Q

Give 2 strengths of a non-participant observation.

A
  • remain objective

* covert = use equipment for detailed results

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16
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of a non-participant observation.

A
  • covert = ethical issues

* overt = alter behaviour

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17
Q

Give a strength of an overt observation.

A

• aware so ethical

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18
Q

Give a weakness of an overt observation.

A

• responses may not be natural

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19
Q

Give 2 strengths of a covert observation.

A
  • genuine behaviour

* non-P = equipment used for accurate recording

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20
Q

Give 2 strengths of naturalistic observations.

A
  • normal environment = representative behaviour

* reactions observed in complex social setting when intervention = unethical/no co-operation

21
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of naturalistic observations.

A
  • Extraneous variables = not controlled

* validity compromised if observer suspected

22
Q

Give 2 strengths of controlled observations.

A
  • data recording = reliable

* extraneous variables controlled = valid

23
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of controlled observations.

A
  • P in unfamiliar environment = unrepresentative

* social situation created = limited

24
Q

Give 2 strengths of a structured observation.

A
  • pilot study = reliable

* operationalised variables = reliable / inter-rater reliability

25
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of a structured observation.

A
  • if not operationalised properly wrong recordings = less valid
  • predetermined categories = limited
26
Q

Give 2 strengths of an unstructured observation.

A
  • produces quantitative data

* no categories - any relevant behaviour recorded

27
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of an unstructured observation.

A
  • may miss behaviours - looking at everything

* inconsistent/subjective

28
Q

Give a strength of an opportunity sample.

A

• quick & easy

29
Q

Give a weakness of an opportunity sample.

A

• non-representative - biased

30
Q

Give 2 strengths of a self-selected sample.

A
  • easy

* P’s committed

31
Q

Give a weakness of a self- selected sample.

A

• non-representative as people who respond = similar

32
Q

Give a strength of a snowball sample.

A

• easy as only find first few P’s

33
Q

Give a weakness of a snowball sample.

A

• non- representative = similar characteristics

34
Q

Give a strength of a random sample.

A

• representative

35
Q

Give a weakness of a random sample.

A

• hard to ensure all equally likely to be chosen - lack of info

36
Q

Give a strength of a stratified sample.

A

• representative

37
Q

Give a weakness of a stratified sample.

A

• difficult - all subgroups must be known

38
Q

Give 2 strengths of quantitative data.

A
  • collected using objective measures

* can be analysed using inferential statistics

39
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of quantitative data.

A

• limits P’s response

40
Q

Give 2 strengths of qualitative data.

A
  • highly valid as P’s can express themselves

* less likely key/rare observations lost by simplifying data

41
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of qualitative data.

A
  • data from individual = hard to generalise

* interpretation may be biased = invalid

42
Q

Give 2 strengths of questionnaires.

A
  • time/cost effective

* more truthful than interview

43
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of questionnaires.

A
  • response bias = invalid

* quantitative data =limitations

44
Q

Give 2 strengths of interviews.

A
  • structured = easy to analyse

* semi-structured & unstructured = specific & detailed info

45
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of interviews.

A
  • structured = limited by fixed questions

* investigator bias = leading questions alter ways asked

46
Q

Give 2 strengths of both questionnaires and interviews.

A
  • structured questionnaire & interviews = repeatable

* produce quantitative and qualitative data

47
Q

Give 2 weakness of both questionnaires and interviews.

A
  • not everyone can be bothered so P may not be representative
  • P affected by biases like social desirability, leading questions, etc
48
Q

Give 2 strengths of rating scales.

A
  • easy for P to respond to = lots of data quickly -reliable

* quantitative = easy to analyse

49
Q

Give 2 weaknesses of rating scales.

A
  • response bias

* quantitative data = lacks detail

BELLO PSYCHOLOGY 2 (8 decks)

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