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Wood Physics and Mechanics > Strength Properties of Wood > Flashcards

Strength Properties of Wood Flashcards

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1
Q

Ability to resist applied stress and the strength of the wood is synonymous with the resistance of the wood (Hoadley, 2000)

A

STRENGTH

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2
Q
  • the property of a material that exhibits both viscous and elastic characteristics under stress and deformation, so it has properties of both the solid and the liquid phase.
A

VISCOELASTICITY

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3
Q

Strength Properties:

A
  1. MODULUS OF RUPTURE
  2. MODULUS OF ELASTICITY
  3. BENDING STRENGTH
  4. IMPACT BENDING TEST
  5. STIFFNESS
  6. TOUGHNESS/SHOCK RESISTANCE
  7. WORK TO PROPORTIONAL LIMIT
  8. WORK TO MAXIMUM LOAD
  9. HARDNESS
  10. JANKA HARDNESS TEST
  11. TENSILE STRENGTH
  12. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
  13. SHEARING STRENGTH
  14. Tensile Strength perpendicular
    to the grain
  15. Tensile Strength parallel to the
    grain
  16. SHEAR STRENGTH PARALLEL TO THE GRAIN
  17. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PARALLEL TO THE GRAIN
  18. ULTIMATE STRENGTH
  19. CLEAVAGE
  20. TORSION STRENGTH
  21. TOUGHNESS
  22. CREEP & DURATION OF LOAD
  23. FATIGUE
  24. ROLLING SHEAR STRENGTH
  25. NANOINDENTATION HARDNESS
  26. FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
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4
Q

✓Maximum capacity of a wood to carry a certain load
up to its breaking point.
✓Not considered a part of the stress imposed in the
wood.

A

MODULUS OF RUPTURE

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5
Q

✓Refers to the degree of a wood
✓Occurs when wood recovers its original shape and size
after stress is removed.

A

MODULUS OF ELASTICITY

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6
Q

Resistance of wood to bend when
applied with load.

A

BENDING STRENGTH

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7
Q

–bending caused by
load

A

DEFLECTION

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8
Q

2 Types of Bending:

A
  1. Static
  2. Impact
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9
Q

– stationary or at rest

A

Static

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10
Q

– sudden loading and can be
used to measure the toughness property of wood.

A

Impact

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11
Q

✓A hammer w/ specified weight is dropped upon a
wood from various heights until the wood ruptures
around 152 mm (6 in).
✓Height that causes the wood to deflect is considered its
ability to absorb shocks that cause stresses beyond the
proportional limit.

A

IMPACT BENDING TEST

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12
Q

✓ Ability of wood to preserve its original size and shape

A

STIFFNESS

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13
Q

✓Ability of wood to absorb shock energy.

A

TOUGHNESS/SHOCK RESISTANCE

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14
Q

✓Ability of wood to absorb shock without causing permanent damage

A

WORK TO PROPORTIONAL LIMIT

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15
Q

✓Ability of wood to absorb shock with permanent
damage or injury
✓Used to measure the combined strength and toughness
of wood under bending stresses.

A

WORK TO MAXIMUM LOAD

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16
Q

✓Ability of wood to resist indention or force
✓The hardness of wood increases as it loses moisture
below fiber saturation point.

A

HARDNESS

17
Q

✓ Use to measure the resistance of
a sample of wood to denting and wear.
✓ Measures the force required to embed an 11.28 mm (0.444 in) diameters steel ball halfway into a sample of wood to determine whether a species is suitable for use as a flooring.

A

JANKA HARDNESS TEST

18
Q

✓Ability of the wood to resist deformation as a result of
applied force or load tending to pull the wood apart.

A

TENSILE STRENGTH

19
Q

✓Ability of the wood to resist crushing due to applied
force tending to shorten the wood.

A

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

20
Q

✓Ability of the wood to resist force causing one part of
the material to slip on adjacent part.

A

SHEARING STRENGTH

21
Q

✓ Ability of the wood to resist a force causing one part of the material to slip on adjacent part.

A

Tensile Strength perpendicular
to the grain.

22
Q

✓ Resistance of wood to resist a force causing one part of the material to slip on adjacent part.

A

Tensile Strength parallel to the
grain.

23
Q

✓Resistance to internal slipping of one part upon another
along the grain.

A

SHEAR STRENGTH PARALLEL TO THE GRAIN.

24
Q

✓Ability of wood to resist maximum stress sustained by a
compression parallel to the grain

A

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PARALLEL TO THE GRAIN

25
Q

✓Ability of the wood to resist the greatest static load which a body can support when tested to complete failure.

A

ULTIMATE STRENGTH

26
Q

✓ Ability of the wood to resist from
splitting.
✓ Is of importance when wood is to be nailed or bolted.

A

CLEAVAGE

27
Q

✓ Resistance of wood to twisting in the longitudinal axis.
✓ Torsional strength may also refer to shear strength parallel to grain.

A

TORSION STRENGTH

28
Q

✓Required energy to cause complete failure rapidly in a
centrally loaded bending wood specimen.

A

TOUGHNESS

29
Q

✓Time dependent deformation of wood under load
✓If the load is high and the duration of load is long, failure
(creep-rupture) will eventually occur.

A

CREEP & DURATION OF
LOAD

30
Q

✓Resistance to failure under specific combinations od
cyclic loading conditions: frequency and no. of cycles;
maximum stress; ratio of maximum to minimum stress; and
other less- important factors.

A

FATIGUE

31
Q

✓ The shearing strength of wood where shearing force is in a longitudinal plane and is acting perpendicular to the grain.

A

ROLLING SHEAR
STRENGTH

32
Q

✓ Uses an extremely small indenter of a hard material and specified shape (usually a pyramid) to press into the surface with sufficient force that the wood deforms.

A

NANOINDENTATION HARDNESS

33
Q

✓ Ability of the wood to withstand flaws that initiate failure.

A

FRACTURE TOUGHNESS

Wood Physics and Mechanics (12 decks)

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