Strength Of Materials Flashcards
It deals with analyzing stresses and deflections in materials under load. Also known as Mechanics of Deformable Bodies.
Strength of Materials
Is defined as the internal force which is resisting the external force per unit area.
Stress
Is a stress that occurs when a member is loaded by a normal/perpendicular force.
Axial Stress/Normal Stress
Is a force that causes layers or parts to slide upon each other in opposite directions.
Shearing Stress
Is load applied in one plane that would result in the fastener being cut into two pieces.
Single Shear
Is load applied in one plane that would result in the fastener being cut into three pieces.
Double Shear
Is a failure mechanism in structural members like slabs and foundation by shear under the action of concentrated loads.
Punching Shear
A tank or pipe carrying a fluid or gas under a pressure is subjected to tensile forces, which resist bursting, developed by longitudinal and transverse sections.
Thin-Walled Pressured Vessels
The endpoint of the stress-strain curve that is a straight line.
Proportional Limit
The stress is directly proportional to strain.
Hooke’s Law
is the limit beyond which the material will no longer go back to its original shape when the load is removed, or it is the maximum stress that may be developed such that there is no permanent or residual deformation when the load is entirely removed.
Elastic point
is the point at which the material will have an appreciable elongation or yielding without any increase in load.
Yield point
The maximum ordinate in the stress-strain diagram.
Ultimate Strength
is the strength of the material at rupture. This is also known as the breaking strength.
Rupture Strength/ Breaking Strength
is the work done on a unit volume of material as the force is gradually increased from the linear range, in N·m/m3. This may be calculated as the area under the stress-strain curve from the origin O to up to the elastic limit E (the shaded area in the figure). The resilience of the material is its ability to absorb energy without creating a permanent distortion.
Modulus of resilience
is defined as the actual stress of a material under a given loading.
Working Stress
is the work done on a unit volume of material as the force is gradually increased from O to R, in N·m/m3. This may be calculated as the area under the entire stress-strain curve (from O to R). The toughness of a material is its ability to absorb. The ratio of the sidewise deformation (or strain) to the longitudinal deformation (or strain) energy without causing it to break.
Modulus of toughness
The maximum safe stress that a material can carry.
Allowable stress
The ratio of this strength (ultimate or yield strength) to allowable strength.
Factor of Safety
The ratio of the shear stress τ and the shear strain γ
Shear modulus
The ratio of the sidewise deformation (or strain) to the longitudinal deformation (or strain)
Poisson’s ratio
-In solid mechanics, it is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque
-In circular sections, the resultant shearing stress is perpendicular to the radius.
Torsion
