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ISSA Certifications > Strength And Conditioning > Flashcards

Strength And Conditioning Flashcards

1
Q

The ancient Greeks also established and developed the initial ideas of what is now known as?

A

progressive resistance training, which is a method of fitness training using an increasing overload to cause the body to adapt, grow stronger, and build muscle.

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2
Q

PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE TRAINING:

A

A method of fitness training using an increasing overload to cause the body to adapt, grow stronger, and build muscle.

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3
Q

PHYSIQUE DEVELOPMENT:

A

Training to enhance muscular proportions and appearance.

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4
Q

ATHLETICISM:

A

The competent use of capabilities such as strength, agility, and stamina.

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5
Q

QUALITY OF LIFE:

A

The standard of health, comfort, and happiness of an individual.

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6
Q

KINESIOLOGY:

A

The study of human movement and mechanics.

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7
Q

PHYSICAL PROWESS:

A

The elements enabling an athlete to perform well in their sport.

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8
Q

RESILIENCY:

A

The ability to withstand and recover from the physical and mental stressors of sport.

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9
Q

Chapter 2: Nervous System: Learning Objectives:

A
  1. Explain the functions and components of the nervous system.
  2. Discuss the interactions of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
  3. Describe lower motor neurons and motor units.
  4. Describe how motor commands work.
  5. Outline how the nervous system produces and controls movement.
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10
Q

Chapter 2: What are the functions of the Nervous System:

A
  1. Coordinates movement. 2. Processes sensory input 3. Initiates and maintains life-sustaining functions 4. Learns and Forms Memories 5. Experiences emotions 6. Controls Arousal.
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11
Q

Chapter 2: Functions of the Nervous System: What coordinates movement?:

A

it plans, initiates, and asserts ongoing control over every move.

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12
Q

Chapter 2: Functions of the Nervous System: What does the Processes sensory input include?:

A

This includes smell, vision, taste, hearing, and somatosensory information (pain, warmth, an itch, etc.). These functions allow the receipt and interpretation of information from the joints, ligaments, muscles, and skin.

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13
Q

Chapter 2: Functions of the Nervous System: Initiates and maintains life-sustaining functions including:

A

these include the innate need to find water, food, and a mate.

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14
Q

Chapter 2: Functions of the Nervous System: Learns and forms memories are the primary elements of what?:

A

learning and memory are the primary elements of cognition

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15
Q

Chapter 2: Functions of the Nervous System: Experiences emotions these include:

A

feelings of fear, pleasure, attachment, and drive.

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16
Q

Chapter 2: Functions of the Nervous System: What are parts of this particular function that controls arousal?:

A

Consciousness and Sleep Regulation

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17
Q

Chapter 2: Through these six functions, the nervous system forms a complex network of thoughts, emotions, and processes that go far beyond movement and performance. The most important for strength coaches is the interplay between the first two functions:

A

coordinating movement and processing sensory input.

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18
Q

Chapter 2: What are the Components of the Nervous System:

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS) & PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

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19
Q

Chapter 2: What is the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (CNS):

A

The nervous system cells that make up the brain and spinal cord.

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20
Q

Chapter 2: What is the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS)

A

The nervous system cells that provide information to the brain and spinal cord.

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21
Q

Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM… Rather than being broken down into the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM (PNS) It is further broken down into what?:

A

the sensory division and motor division.

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22
Q

Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: The Sensory Division

A

is a part of peripheral nervous system, it runs from sensory organs to the CNS (brain and spinal cord). The sensory division collects information (touch, pain, pressure, vision, taste etc) from outside (somatic sensory) and inside (visceral sensory) of the body and carries them to the CNS.

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23
Q

Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: The Motor Division

A

of the PNS carries nerve impulses from the central nervous system to muscles and glands throughout the body. The nerve impulses stimulate muscles to contract and glands to secrete hormones.

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24
Q

Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: The nervous system consists of two main types of cells:

A

neurons and glia.

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25
Q

Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: NEURON:

A

The nervous system cell that produces action potentials to communicate with other neurons, muscles, or glands.

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26
Q

Chapter 2: COMPONENTS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: GLIA:

A

A nervous system cell that protects and nourishes neurons but that doesn’t produce an action potential.

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27
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: Each neuron can produce an ______.

A

action potential—sometimes referred to as an impulse or spike—which is the electrical signal required for movement and perception.

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28
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: What is ACTION POTENTIAL?:

A

is a rapid and substantial depolarization of the neuron’s membrane and is extremely brief (about one millisecond). This signal must be enough to change the membrane potential on the neuron (less negative). The electrical signal produced by a neuron or muscle spindle.

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29
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: There are three types of neurons in the body:

A

motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons.

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30
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: There are three types of neurons: 1. Motor Neurons

A

transmit commands from the brain or spinal cord to muscles and glands.

31
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: There are three types of neurons: 2. Sensory neurons

A

transmit information into the brain and spinal cord to detect movement, sight, touch, sound, and smell.

32
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: There are three types of neurons: 3. Interneurons

A

the most abundant in the nervous system, create circuits between sensory or motor neurons and transmit information between different parts of the brain.

33
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: Types of Neurons: A typical neuron includes these components:

A

Dendrites, The cell body, or soma - The cell body contains the nucleus, which is the center of the cell, & The axon.

34
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: A typical neuron includes these components: Explain Dendrites:

A

are branches of the cell body that act as receivers, collecting information from other neurons.

35
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: A typical neuron includes these components: Explain The cell body, or soma plus the Nucleus:

A

is the bulbous end of a neuron that contains the nucleus (DNA). This is the part of the neuron that integrates information and determines if there’s enough to create an action potential.

36
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: A typical neuron includes these components: Explain The Axon:

A

is the transmitter portion, relaying signals to other neurons, muscles, or organs. The axons that travel from the spinal cord to the feet can be up to a meter long but just 100 microns (a tenth of a millimeter) wide.

37
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: MUSCLE SPINDLE:

A

is a sensory receptor within muscle that detects changes in length and helps regulate contraction. It sends information to the sensory cell body. The information then travels through the axon to the spinal cord, where it communicates with motor neurons or interneurons.

38
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: Motor neuron:

A

The dendrites receive information from other neurons, and then the electrical signal travels down the axon and out through the terminal endings that synapse onto muscle fibers.

39
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: Sensory neuron:

A

Receptors in the muscle, joints, or skin send an impulse to the cell body, which can transmit the signal to a motor neuron or interneuron.

40
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: SYNAPSE:

A

An area between neurons, or between a neuron and muscles or glands, where electrical or chemical signals are transmitted.

41
Q

Chapter 2: NEURONS: NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION:

A

The synapse where the motor neuron transmits a signal to the muscle fiber that results in muscle contraction.

42
Q

Chapter 2: GLIA:

A

Unlike neurons, glia don’t produce action potentials. Their role is to support the neurons by providing the protection and nutrients necessary to keep them intact.

43
Q

Chapter 2: GLIA: 1. a fatty sheath that covers the axon of a neuron (similar to insulation around an electrical wire), is a glial cell that’s important for movement. It allows signals to travel quickly through nerves, up to 90 meters per second. When a disease breaks down the myelin covering of a neuron, in can lead to multiple sclerosis and other movement disorders.
2. A fatty sheath around the axon of a nerve that provides electrical insulation, protection, nourishment, and faster signal transmission.

A

MYELIN

44
Q

Chapter 2: GLIA: A disease that damages the myelin that surrounds an axon:

A

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

45
Q

Chapter 2: includes all the neurons and glia outside of the brain and spinal cord, to which it sends constant information from the body. It contains 43 pairs of nerves: 12 pairs of cranial nerves that connect with the brain and 31 pairs of spinal nerves that connect directly with the spinal cord. The PNS can be further subdivided into the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

46
Q

Chapter 2: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM : 12 pairs of nerves that emerge from the brain or brainstem to relay pure sensory, pure motor, or sensory and motor information to the head.

A

CRANIAL NERVES

47
Q

Chapter 2: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: 1. The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary movement 2. This division of the PNS, responsible for voluntary movement, includes motor neurons that control muscle, along with sensory neurons that receive information from the muscles, skin, and joints.:

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

48
Q

Chapter 2: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls subconscious actions such as breathing, heart rate, and digestive processes.

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

49
Q

Chapter 2: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: This part of the PNS controls the heart, lungs, and gut. It’s further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system generates the “fight or flight” response through the release of norepinephrine. The parasympathetic system balances the sympathetic by activating the “rest and digest” physiological processes. These two systems work together to maintain homeostasis within the PNS.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

50
Q

Chapter 2: Autonomic Nervous System: The division of the autonomic nervous system that generates the “fight or flight” response.

A

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

51
Q

Chapter 2: Autonomic Nervous System: The division of the autonomic nervous system that generates the “rest or digest” response.

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

52
Q

Chapter 2: Autonomic Nervous System: The hormone/neurotransmitter released by the CNS and sympathetic nervous system that triggers the “fight or flight” response.

A

NOREPINEPHRINE

53
Q

Chapter 2: Autonomic Nervous System: The process of keeping physiological systems stable:

A

HOMEOSTASIS

54
Q

Chapter 2: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Brain Hemispheres: Language, Logical processing, Science and math, Controls muscles on right side.

A

LEFT HEMISPHERE

55
Q

Chapter 2: CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Brain Hemispheres: Spatial perception, Creativity, Intuition, Controls muscles on left side

A

RIGHT HEMISPHERE

56
Q

Chapter 2: slender tube of both white and gray matter that extends from the bottom of the medulla down through the vertebral column. Both are made up of axons, but only white matter is covered by myelin. It gets its name from myelin’s whitish appearance. Gray matter is gray because it includes cell bodies and terminal endings of neurons, which have little or no myelin.

A

Spinal Cord

57
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: The portion of the brain and spinal cord that contain myelinated axons:

A

WHITE MATTER

58
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: A. The portion of the brain and spinal cord that contain axons with little or no myelin and cell bodies.
B. Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord to provide motor and sensory information to the body.
C. Three layers of membrane known as meninges protect the spinal cord, with small spaces between each meningeal layer to provide nourishment through blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). There’s also a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the central canal, the small opening within the center of the spinal cord that connects to ventricles of the brain.

A

GRAY MATTER

59
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: The membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord to provide protection and nourishment:

A

MENINGES

60
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: A clear fluid found in the brain and spinal cord that protects and cleans the brain:

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

61
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: Cavities in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid:

A

VENTRICLES

62
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: 1. A bundle of spinal nerves that begins around the second lumbar vertebrae where the spinal cord ends.
2. The spinal cord is usually 15 to 19 inches long, depending on a person’s height, and approximately one-half inch across at its narrowest section. The diameter increases in two areas: The cervical enlargement is wider because it contains the nerves that travel to the arms while the lumbar enlargement holds the nerves that travel to the legs. Both structures provide more room for additional cell bodies.

A

CAUDA EQUINA

63
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: The larger diameter area of the spinal cord that contains the nerves that travel to the upper limbs:

A

CERVICAL ENLARGEMENT

64
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: 1. The larger diameter area of the spinal cord that contains the nerves that travel to the lower limbs.
2. The spinal cord transmits information up to and down from the brain. It also serves as a center for coordinating reflexes. It can be thought of as an interstate highway, with information traveling up and down with (relatively) few obstacles to slow it down. At the same time, connecting highways pour new information onto the interstate and also take existing information off it. It’s particularly strained when it comes to reflexes, which would be the equivalent of roundabouts that allow information to jump on and off the highway without first crawling through a commercial strip filled with gas stations and fast-food restaurants.

A

LUMBAR ENLARGEMENT

65
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: 1. Nerves are bundles of axons that carry information within the PNS. They’re the pathways connecting muscle and other organs to the spinal cord, and the spinal cord to those organs. There are three different types.
2. A sensory nerve (i.e., afferent nerve) carries information into the spinal cord. A motor nerve (i.e., efferent nerve) carries information away from the spinal cord to innervate muscle. And a mixed nerve, as can be guessed from its name, carries sensory and motor information. It also handles autonomic information for the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, but that is disregarded here to keep the focus on movement.

A

INTERACTIONS OF THE CNS AND THE PNS

66
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: INTERACTIONS OF THE CNS AND THE PNS: A bundle of axons that carries sensory information into the brain or spinal cord.

A

SENSORY (AFFERENT) NERVE

67
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: INTERACTIONS OF THE CNS AND THE PNS: A bundle of axons that carries motor information away from the brain or spinal cord to muscles or glands.

A

MOTOR (EFFERENT) NERVE

68
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: INTERACTIONS OF THE CNS AND THE PNS: A bundle of axons that carries sensory, motor, and autonomic information.

A

MIXED NERVE

69
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: 1. Thirty-one pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord to control muscles in the body, from the neck down to the toes. They’re divided into regions that correspond with the vertebrae from which they exit. This creates eight pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs of thoracic nerves, five pairs of lumbar nerves, five pairs of sacral nerves, and one pair of coccygeal nerves.
2. 31 pairs of nerves that emerge from the spinal cord to relay motor, sensory, and autonomic information from the neck to the feet, except for the C1 spinal nerve that transmits pure motor information.

A

SPINAL NERVES

70
Q

Chapter 2 Spinal Cord: Eight pairs of spinal nerves that exit the cervical region of the vertebral column, above each corresponding vertebrae, except for the C8 spinal nerve that exits below the C7 vertebrae.

A

CERVICAL NERVES

71
Q

Chapter 2 Spinal Cord: 12 pairs of spinal nerves that exit the thoracic region of the vertebral column, below each corresponding vertebrae.

A

THORACIC NERVES

72
Q

Chapter 2 Spinal Cord: Five pairs of spinal nerves that exit the lumbar region of the vertebral column, below each corresponding vertebrae.

A

LUMBAR NERVES

73
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord: One pair of spinal nerves that exits below the sacrum.

A

COCCYGEAL NERVES

74
Q

Chapter 2: Spinal Cord:

A

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