Strategic and Tactical Considerations 4th Ed Chapter 1

Question 1

Firefighters success is dependent on the training they receive

Question 2

Heat may be eliminated by cooling

Question 3

Reduction of heat, or cooling, can be accomplished by the application of a substance that absorbs heat. Water is most commonly used for this purpose.

Question 4

The fire tetrahedran is an uninhibited chemical chain reaction that occurs when fuel is broken down by heat.

Question 5

High expansion foam can be supplied from expansion rates of 200 to 1 up to 1000 to 1.

Question 6

The pressurized water extinguisher contains water and may contain a wetting agent. The extinguisher is pressurized by air compressor. It is effective on small fires and can preduce a 40-50 foot stream of water.

Question 7

Fire extinguishers for Class A fires are marked with a green triangle containing the letter A

Question 7

Class B fires involve flammable liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils, solvents, laqcuers, alcohols, and flammable gases.

Question 8

Class C fires involve energized electrical equipment.

Question 9

Class D fires involve combustible metals: aluminum, magnesium, titanium, sodium, and potassium.

Question 10

As a general, rule water should not be used on metal fires.

Question 11

Purple K fire extinguishers are designed for Class C fires. Not Class K fires.

Question 12

Heat is transferred by conduction through contact of materials.

Question 13

Convection is heat that is conducted by a gas or liquid.

Question 14

Five stages of fire growth:
1. Ignition
2. Growth
3. Flashover
4. Fully Developed
5. Decay

Question 15

As the temperature builds to over 1000 degrees F, superheated gases will increase within the fire area, and if a sufficient amount of oxygen is available, it will near flashover stage.

Question 16

Flashover is a simultaneous ignition of the surface area of the combustible materials in the fire space.

Question 17

The decay stage occurs when the oxygen or fuel starts to diminish.

Question 18

Decay process will produce large volumes of smoke that contain carbon monoxide.

Question 19

Lack of oxygen (in the decay stage), will create a smoldering state that could set the stage for a backdraft or what is referred to as a smoke explosion.

Question 20

Carbon monoxide (CO), is a colorless, odorless gas commonly encountered by firefighters at every fire. CO can cause headaches and dizziness before incapacitation.

Question 21

The term rollover is used to describe the fire or flame front that oftetn is observed rolling along in front of burning materials.

Question 22

This fuel rich atmosphere will be pushed in front of the fire by the thermal column of heat from the fire and may not come within its falmmable limits until it is several feet away from the main body of the fire. (rollover)

Question 23

It is often observed that the fire seems to be rolling along the ceiling level at a distance of 10-20 feet ahead of the main fire. (rollover)

Question 24

A basic definition of flashover is the ignition of combustibles in an area heated by convection, radiation, or a combination of the two.

Question 25

Some of the warning signs of immanent flashover are intense heat, free-burning fire, unburned articles starting to smoke, and fog streams turning to steam a short distance from the nozzle.

Question 26

To reduce the chance of flashover, temperatures need to be lowered quickly by coordinated ventilation and water application.

Question 27

The difference between flashover and backdraft is the amount of oxygen present.

Question 28

The action required when a backdraft situation is recognized is to provide adequate ventilation above the fire.

Question 29

Training is the backbone of a fire department.

Question 30

New members need to learn basic skills.

Question 31

Training allows for continuous growth in their ability and prepares them to assume more responsibility while grooming them for promotions.

Question 32

[Properly trained crews] free the officer from interruptions by unnecessary workers’ questions, allowing more time for the officer to assume greater responsibility.

Question 33

The National Fire Academy (NFA) is an excellent resource. (For training opportunity)

Question 34

Training fosters teamwork and cooperation.

Question 35

A department that establishes performance standards or timed evolutions for engine and truck/ladder companies and then trains utilizing that criteria will be better prepared to handle varied problems that occur at an incident scene.

Question 36

Using time frames simulates the stress found at the incident scene.

Question 37

A fire officer should make note of the amount of time required to perform these evolutions. This can help the officer when commanding a fire scene in assigning tactical operations.

Question 38

Preincident planning provides information. It is a method of gathering facts about a building or a process within a building. It lets a fire department evaluate conditions and situations in its area of responsibility prior to an emergency.

Question 39

Preincident planning allows us to anticipate potential problems and analyze possible solutions.

Question 40

The responsibility for preplanning starts with the fire chief. Once a policy is established all members of the fire department must carry it out.

Question 41

Historical data enable us to select the most critical properties or specific problems in our community.

Question 42

This data assists in determining potential problems. A plan of action can be developed based upon what may occur.

Question 43

Phone numbers can change. Emergency contact personnel can change. Responders should review and update information during site visits. (Preplanning)

Question 43

Quality [of data] is the most important concern.

Question 44

Wire glass windows provide buildings with exterior exposure protection. They may crack from radiant heat but will remain in place.

Question 45

Smoke proof doors and smoke removal systems assist in reducing the spread of smoke and can help in minimizing evacuation problems in some facilities.

Question 46

Resource utilization includes securing the services of outside agencies such as the police, Red Cross, private security, public works, public health, utilities, or federal, state or local agencies

Question 47

Community support should be sought. The immediate population around the site should be informed of evacuation plans and any prefire drills. (Disaster planning)

Question 48

It may open their eyes to the distinct possibility of the destruction of their facility. (plan review)

Question 49

Implementation of the preplan during a simulated exercise assists in adjusting the plan as needed.
-What worked well?
-What needs to be adjusted?
-What problems sis the fire department encounter?
-If the community was involved in the exercise, did it have any problems?
-Did the plant or facility find any discrepancies in the plan?

Question 50

The plan should be reviewed annually to see if any modifications are needed.

Question 51

[Needed Fire Flow] The NFA has developed a formula that allows for quick calculations.

Question 52

NFF= LxW/3 (GPM)

Question 53

25% of the required fire flow should be added as exposure protection for each floor above the fire floor to a maximum of five interior exposures.

Question 54

25% of the required fire flow should be added for each exterior exposure.

Question 55

1.5” or 1.75” flows approx 125-175 GPM
2.5” floows approx 250 GPM

Question 56

The company officer is a direct link for firefighters between middle and executive management.

Question 57

Whether an officer in an authoritative or congenial type is usually determined by his or her personality.

Question 58

Good leaders lead by example.

Question 59

Company officers must have the ability to adapt to changing situations, be quick thinking and have good communication skills. They must remain calm in critical situations, frame orders clearly and concisely, and give, not yell, the orders. This will foster teamwork and cooperation.

Question 60

Officers must seek a variety of ways to achieve personal development.

Question 61

Praise good behavior publicly, and criticize mistakes in private.

Question 62

When reviewing a misdeed with a firefighter, the discussion must focus on the mistake that was made and not become a discussion of personalities.

Question 63

Chief officers don’t extinguish fires, they develop overall incident objectives and the basic strategy.

Question 64

The Incident Commander or Division or Group Supervisor assign tactics that need to be accomplished.

Question 65

The company officer is responsible for training, physical fitness, and mental readiness of the entire crew.

Question 66

The company officer determines the route and regulates speed of the apparatus on an emergency response.

Question 67

The company officer will determine the positioning of the apparatus

Question 68

Teamwork is enhanced by communication between the company officer and the firefighters and with other company officers.

Question 69

The implementation of safety in practice evolutions will carry over to the emergency scene.

Question 70

Chief officers include
-Battalion
-District
-Division
-Deputy
-Assistant
-Chief of Department

Question 71

The chief officer will assess the scene and assign the necessary units to accomplish the strategies developed.

Question 72

A critical factor causing breakdowns is poor communication.

Question 73

Delegation is a tool that should be used for development, not as a way of avoiding work. It permits subordinates to assume responsibility to make decisions. It is a necessary training process by whereby company officers can learn the duties and responsibilities of the chief officer.

Question 74

Chiefs must resist the urge to operate within the fire building to get a hands on feel for the incident.