Strain Theory Flashcards
What is Strain Theory
Strain Theory examines the relationship between societal structure, norms, and crime, suggesting that crime results from the disjunction between culturally prescribed goals and the legitimate means available to achieve them
Who is Emile Durkheim and what did he contribute to Strain Theory
Emile Durkheim was a sociologist who emphasized the importance of social solidarity and shared norms for societal function, warning that rapid social change can disrupt these norms, leading to anomie—a state of normlessness
According to Robert K. Merton, what are the five modes of individual adaptation in Strain Theory
Conformity, Innovation, Ritualism, Retreatism, and Rebellion
What is ‘anomie’ as described by Emile Durkheim
Anomie is a state of normlessness that occurs when there is a breakdown of social norms and guidance, often due to rapid social change
What is ‘microanomie’ according to Robert Agnew
Microanomie refers to personal states of egoism and selfishness caused by a lack of integration into society, which can lead to criminality
How does Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory differ from Merton’s Strain Theory
Agnew’s General Strain Theory expands on Merton’s by considering how strain can be experienced directly, anticipated, or vicariously, and how personal emotional reactions, such as anger, can mediate the link between strain and crime
What are the policy implications suggested to mitigate factors leading to crime according to Strain Theory
Provide more legitimate opportunities for young people in poor areas through schooling and job training, early childhood education programs, develop a less coercive justice system, and reduce the gap between rich and poor
How do structural and cultural issues contribute to crime according to Strain Theory
Structural issues like uneven distribution of legitimate opportunities and cultural issues such as the overemphasis on monetary success without legitimate means contribute to higher rates of instrumental crime
How do juveniles undergoing strain typically respond according to Strain Theory
Juveniles undergoing strain may join subcultures such as criminal gangs, engage in gang violence, or abuse substances
What findings did the Baron (2008) article discuss regarding unemployment and crime
The article found that unemployment is associated with criminal activity, particularly drug dealing and violent crime, mediated by factors like negative emotional reactions and external attributions of unemployment
