Stragetic Risk Protection 2021

Question 1

What is a security guard?

Answer 1

A security guard is usually a privately and formally employed person who is paid to protect property,
assets, or people.

Question 2

What act governs security guards in Ontario?

Answer 2

The PSISA regulates the security industry.

Question 3

When managing behavior, what are the protective goals?

Answer 3

Make sure you and others are protected in these ways; Physically, Mentally, Legally.

Question 4

Define a conflict

Answer 4

A conflict is a disagreement.

Question 5

Define a crisis

Answer 5

A crisis is a disagreement that can’t be resolved.

Question 6

Define a confrontation

Answer 6

A confrontation is a a physical encounter where there is conflict/crisis.

Question 7

Name four types of stress.

Answer 7

1. General Stress
2. Negative Stress
3. Critical Incident Stress (results from critical incident such as lethal force)
4. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder [PTSD] (results from direct result of unresolved
   critical incidents).

Question 8

What is bill C-45?

Answer 8

What was the Westray bill (Bill C-45)? The Westray bill or Bill C-45 was federal legislation that amended the Canadian Criminal Code and became law on March 31, 2004. The Bill (introduced in 2003) established new legal duties for workplace health and safety, and imposed serious penalties for violations that result in injuries or death.

Question 9

What is bill 168?

Answer 9

This Act amends the Occupational Health and Safety Act. For the legislative history of the Act, see the Table of Consolidated Public Statutes – Detailed Legislative History on www.e-Laws.gov.on.ca.

Her Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, enacts as follows:

1. Subsection 1 (1) of the Occupational Health and Safety Act is amended by adding the following definitions:

“workplace harassment” means engaging in a course of vexatious comment or conduct against a worker in a workplace that is known or ought reasonably to be known to be unwelcome; (“harcèlement au travail”)

“workplace violence” means,

(a) the exercise of physical force by a person against a worker, in a workplace, that causes or could cause physical injury to the worker,
(b) an attempt to exercise physical force against a worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker,
(c) a statement or behaviour that it is reasonable for a worker to interpret as a threat to exercise physical force against the worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker. (“violence au travail”)
2. Section 25 of the Act is amended by adding the following subsection:

Same

(3. 1) Any explanatory material referred to under clause (2) (i) may be published as part of the poster required under section 2 of the Employment Standards Act, 2000.
3. The Act is amended by adding the following Part:

part iii.0.1
violence and Harassment

Policies, violence and harassment

32. 0.1 (1) An employer shall,
    (a) prepare a policy with respect to workplace violence;
    (b) prepare a policy with respect to workplace harassment; and
    (c) review the policies as often as is necessary, but at least annually.

Written form, posting

(2) The policies shall be in written form and shall be posted at a conspicuous place in the workplace.

Question 10

What is tort law?

Answer 10

Tort Law is the name given to a body of law that creates and provides remedies for civil law.

Question 11

What legislation protects information?

Answer 11

The Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (abbreviated PIPEDA or
PIPED Act) is a Canadian law relating to data privacy. It governs how private-sector
organizations collect use and disclose personal information in the course of commercial
business.

Question 12

What does Workplace violence mean?

Answer 12

The exercise of physical force by a person against a worker, in a
workplace, that causes or could cause physical injury to the worker An attempt to exercise
physical force against a worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker A
statement or behaviour that it is reasonable for a worker to interpret as a threat to exercise
physical force against the worker, in a workplace, that could cause physical injury to the worker.

Question 13

Workplace harassment means?

Answer 13

Engaging in a course of vexatious comment or conduct against a
worker in a workplace that is known or ought reasonably to be known to be unwelcome.
Workplace harassment may include bullying, intimidating or offensive jokes or innuendos,
displaying or circulating offensive pictures or materials, or offensive or intimidating phone calls

Question 14

What is Section 8 of the charter?

Answer 14

Section 8 of the charter of rights, “gives everyone the right to be secure against unreasonable search and seizure. The Supreme
Court of Canada has ruled that a search is reasonable when it is authorized by law and is carried out
within that context. A lawful search (with or without a warrant); can become unlawful during the search,
thus creating a violation of the Charter, which could result in the exclusion of any evidence that the Crown
is attempting to introduce at the trial.”

Question 15

What is Section 9 of the charter?

Answer 15

Section 9 of the charter of rights, “protects an individual’s right not be to arbitrarily detained or having their liberty
to move about unrestrained.
The test used in order to determine if a detention is arbitrary considers the following factors:
A) The reason for detention is necessary and justified.
B) The extent of the duration of the detention.
C) The conduct of the LE/security

Question 16

What is the Section 10 of the charter?

Answer 16

Section 10 of the Charter allows anyone arrested or detained the right:
A) To be informed promptly of the reasons.
B) To retain and instruct counsel without delay and to be informed of that right.
C) To have the validity determined by way of habeas corpus and to be released if
not lawful.
Section 10 has resulted in the creation of a caution that must be given to an accused upon his/her arrest
or when the decision has been made that they will be charged with the offence being investigated.
Everyone has the right not to be subjected to any cruel and unusual treatment or punishment.

Question 17

What are 3 of the requirements under the Code of Conduct?

Answer 17

For instance, security guards must:

1. Act with honesty and integrity
2. Comply with all federal, provincial and municipal laws
3. Treat all persons equally (without discrimination)
4. Avoid using profanity or abusive language
5. Avoid using excessive force

Question 18

List 2 requirements you need to be professional.

Answer 18

The conduct of a Staff, both on and off duty, is reviewed in order to strengthen and maintain
confidence in existing and potential company-client relationships. The highest
standard of professionalism is expected to enhance the company’s opportunity to
maintain a positive workplace, protect human rights, and prevent discrimination and
harassment.
1. Respecting the concerns and orders of the company and its clients.
2. Keep all company and client information confidential, and respect their need for
privacy.
3. Respect the chain of command and company policies regarding supervision

Question 19

Why do we use the Use Of Force Model?

Answer 19

The UOF Model was developed as one standard for all agencies use.
- The UOF Model was endorsed by the CACP in November 2000.
- The UOF Model assists the community standards understands the Officer’s decision making
process.
- Additional tool for the officer
The model is broken down into four different rings. They are Situation, Situation Factors, Perception and
Tactical Considerations and finally Officer Control Options and Subject behaviors.

Question 20

What are the conditions of a forced response?

Answer 20

The factors should be considered when determining the amount of force to be used are:
Reasonable, Necessary & Lowest level of force.

Question 21

What are the tactical considerations in the UOF model?

Answer 21

Tactical Considerations are: i. Size,

ii. Strength,
iii. Personal experience,
iv. Skill level,
v. Fears,
vi. Perception,
vii. Gender,
viii. Age,
ix. Fitness level, and
x. Health issues;

Question 22

What are 5 of the situational factors in the UOF model?

Answer 22

In accordance with (IAW) the National use of force model the Situational factors are: 
o Environment
o Number of subjects
o Perceived subjects abilities
o Knowledge of subject
o Time and distance
o Potential Attack Signs

Question 23

When is Lethal force is justified.

Answer 23

When you fear imminent jeopardy from 
Grievous Bodily Harm or Death for you 
and or other person(s), you must 
confirm a weapon, intent and method of 
delivery and precluded all other 
response options.
Lethal Force: Lethal Force is only 
authorized when you have reasonable 
grounds to fear Grievous Bodily Harm or 
death for yourself or for another person.
It must be necessary and reasonable, 
and normally the subject must have the 
following: AIM

A=Ability
I=Intention
M=Means

Question 24

What is an individual in crisis?

Answer 24

Individual in Crisis IIC/ Emotional Disturbed Person is a person who is not able to make an
informed decision/judgment at this moment in time. Mentally and or Emotional Unstable.

Question 25

What is mental health?

Answer 25

Mental Health is a person’s condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well being.

Question 26

How does our body react to stress during violence?

Answer 26

Stress is defined as a state of cognitive, emotional and physical arousal.

Question 27

What is excited delirium and the symptoms?

Answer 27

Excited delirium is a state of extreme mental
and physiological excitement, characterized
by extreme agitation, hyperthermia, hostility,
exceptional strength and endurance without
apparent fatigue. A disorder that could lead
to death, the onset of which is highly
associated with illicit drug use, alcohol
abuse and failure to take prescribed
antipsychotic medications properly (treat as
medical emergency
A disorder that could lead to death, the
onset of which is highly associated with illicit
drug use, alcohol abuse and failure to take
prescribed antipsychotic medications
properly (treat as medical emergency).
Excited delirium is a condition recognized by
the coroner’s office. Though it is not clear
as to what the cause is has been highly
associated with cocaine use and failure to
take prescribed anti-psychotic medications.

Impaired thinking
unexpected physical strength
apparent ineffectiveness of pepper spray
sweating, fever, heat, intolerant
significant diminished sense of pain
suddenly tranguility arter frenzied activity
bizzare and or aggressive behaviour
disorientation
hallucinations
acute onset of paranoia
painic
shouting
violence out towards others

Question 28

Improper circulation of air in the lungs due to position of body during restraint is called?

Answer 28

improper circulation of air in the lungs due to position of body during restraint is called: Positional Asphyxia
 Improper circulation of air in the lungs due to position of body.
 Pressure on the back area of person causing them to have trouble breathing.

Question 29

What is Arrest?

Answer 29

Arrest is the removal of a person’s freedom or the person’s belief that their freedom has been removed.

Question 30

What are four consequences for unlawful arrest?

Answer 30

Consequences for unlawful arrest:
 Section 9 charter violation (human rights)
 Criminal liability
 Civil liability
 Administrative

Question 31

where do you get your authority to arrest under the Criminal Code?

Answer 31

Criminal Code 494:

Question 32

Provide the three reasons you can arrest in accordance with the criminal code.

Answer 32

You can arrest anyone who:
1. You find committing an indictable offence.
2. See a person believed to be escaping from, and freshly pursued by persons who have lawful
authority to arrest and believed to have committed a criminal offence.
3. Owner or in lawful possession of property, or person authorized by the owner, finds
committing a criminal offence on or in relation to the property.
(a) they make the arrest at that time; or
(b) they make the arrest within a reasonable time after the offence is committed and they believe on
reasonable grounds that it is not feasible in the circumstances for a peace officer to make the arrest

Question 33

Describe PRICE as it relates to arrest

Answer 33

Protecting Public, Staff, You or Subject from violence and or belief of
Repetition of any offence
Identification
Court
Evidence

Question 34

What is sections 25

Answer 34

Protection of persons
acting under
authority, Section 25
This section authorizes anyone under certain conditions (enforcing
or administration of law) to use force if they only use as much force as is
necessary for that purpose. This section further states that force that is
intended or is likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm shall not be
used unless the person believes on reasonable grounds that it is necessary
for the self-preservation of the person or the preservation of anyone under
that person’s protection from death or grievous bodily harm; The same of
repelling similar force

Question 35

What is section 26

Answer 35

Excessive Force,
Section 26
This section makes individuals who use force criminally responsible
for any excess thereof according to the nature and quality of the act that
constitutes the excess;

Question 36

Use of force to
prevent commission
of an offence, Section
27

Answer 36

This section allows anyone to use as much force as is reasonably
necessary to prevent the commission of an offence that would be likely to
cause immediate and serious injury to the person or property of anyone;

Question 37

What is section 30

Answer 37

Preventing breach of
peace, Section 30
This section empowers anyone who witnesses a breach of the
peace to do a number of things, including using force, to stop it or prevent
its continuation or renewal. A person described above may detain another
who is committing such a breach or is about to, if the purpose of the
detention is to turn the person over to a peace officer. In addition, it must be
shown on an objective standard, either that the force used did not exceed
that required to prevent the continuation of the breach of the peace, or its
renewal, or that it is proportionate to the danger feared from such activity.

Question 38

Self-Protection,

Section 34

Answer 38

This section empowers anyone who protects themselves or others
based on what is reasonable and necessary.
Factors: Nature of the force, force that was proportional and lowest level of
force, risk of injury vs requirement to protect, were threats made and or
weapons being used. Size/ability/skill of persons involved and what was
communicated between parties

Question 39

Defence of property

Section 35

Answer 39

This section empowers anyone who Protects property based on
what is reasonable and necessary.
Factors: Cannot use deadly force and best practice of Old Section 41(2)
until case law

Question 40

Name the Three offences relating the Trespass to property act (TPA)

Answer 40

Three offences relating the Trespass to property act (TPA)
Entry where entry is prohibited
Engages in prohibited activity
Failure to leave when directed to do so

Question 41

What are your three Response Options relating to TPA?

Answer 41

Response Options:
Direct subject not to continue committing offence
Direct Subject to leave property
Arrest & or Escort from property when supported by Policy

Question 42

Do you have authority to arrest under the TPA?

Answer 42

Yes you can arrest if they fail the below;
Direct subject not to continue committing offence
Direct Subject to leave property
Arrest & or Escort from property when supported by Policy

Question 43

Do you have authority to apply force under the TPA?

Answer 43

Yes you can arrest as a last option an application of force can be done in accordance with the criminal
code section 25.

Question 44

Why is it important to take notes?

Answer 44

As written reports are potentially used for review of a situation or incident that is being tried in civil or
criminal court, it is important to keep legible and thorough notes. Your notes not only represent your
professionalism and competency, but may make the difference in determining a just result to a difficult
situation. As your notes are provided to both sides of the court, it is important to keep them clear,
credible and thorough. Both sides may potentially attempt to challenge the credibility of your notes, so it
is also important for the guard to do whatever possible to maintain a universal format and proper content.
Like any person, the memory of a staff is not absolute and is prone to gradual decay. For this reason
notes play an important role in court circumstances while establishing the context and particulars of a
situation that may have happened months or even years earlier.
A process by which an Officer can explain clearly, concisely and effectively, the events that occurred
before, during and after an application of force. Ensure to avoid using job related jargon and speak in plain language

Question 45

What is Mental Illness

Answer 45

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Question 46

What are some examples of mental illness

Answer 46

Anxiety disorders:People with anxiety disorders respond to certain objects or situations with fear
and dread, as well as with physical signs of anxiety or nervousness, such as a rapid heartbeat and
sweating. An anxiety disorder is diagnosed if the person’s response is not appropriate for the
situation, if the person cannot control the response, or if the anxiety interferes with normal
functioning. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific
phobias.

Mood disorders: These disorders, also called affective disorders, involve persistent feelings of ; Acidosis, epilepsy, infection, overdose, uremia, insulin levels, poisoning, psychosis, stroke, any other body chemistry imbanlance, sleep deprivation, sudden onset of “manic” phase in an individual who is “mentally handicapped” or “bipilar”.

Psychotic disorders:

Eating disorders:

Impulse controls and addiction disorders:

Personality disorders:

Adjustment disorders:

Tic disorders:

Dissociative disorders:

Somatoform disorders:

Question 47

Provide examples of delusions and hallucinations

Answer 47

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Question 48

Name four types of communication

Answer 48

Inter-personal: The ability to converse and/or interact with others while being “personal.”
Tactical: The ability to prevent conflicts from escalating, control a situation and be a
professional, with minimum physical interaction. The Goals: Ensure professional standards are
used, prevent escalation, de-escalate and control the situation.
Written: Use of Force and General occurrence reports and notebook entries
Legal Articulation: Explaining your action

Question 49

Provide 4 communication strategies

Answer 49

ID yourself and obtain their ID
Establish conversation interpersonal skills
Ask, direct or command 
Explain what to do and inform why
Then advise of options and consequences
Empower the person
Summary
Limit set
Last ditch effort ??????

Question 50

Name four methods of communication

Answer 50

Verbal: •(Language: Word and Sentence structure)
Vocal: •(Para-language: Tone, volume, cadence).
Non-Verbal: •(Kinesics: Space, Eye Contact, gestures, and posture).
Active Listening: (Empathy:/Understand: listen. Observe, actions, behaviour).

Question 51

Under threat, how would your body respond?

Answer 51

Fear activates the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) which creates what kind of
responses?
Freeze, flight and fight response.

Question 52

What happens to your body in freeze, flight fight response?

Answer 52

SNS activation is due to what three conditions
Adrenal activity (caused by massive release of hormones, increasing blood pressure to allow
more oxygen in the body to respond)
Vascular activity (vasoconstriction and vasodilatation)
Perceptual narrowing (Brain provides most relevant information for vision) which tunes out other
senses

Question 53

Give 2 examples of case law

Answer 53

. R v. Cunningham 1979: The court considered the use of physical restraint in the securing of a
prisoner on board a ship following his arrest by the captain. The court held a person effecting
an arrest is legally entitled to secure the prisoner, such as handcuffing or binding him, if does
so for good reason Protection (public, police and prisoner),Prevention(escape) and
Preservation(evidence)
2. Showler v. Shipley 1989: The plaintiff was handcuffed very quickly to prevent him from reentering into a fray. In the heat of the moment, the handcuffs were applied incorrectly, case
dismissed.
3. Carr v. Gauthier 1992: PO found to place the handcuffs too tight and plaintiff was kept in the
handcuffs for too long. Plaintiff award 2500
4. Gregory v. Canada 2002: plaintiff was handcuffed by a customs officer the court refused to
second guess the officer, case dismissed
5. R v Dean Subject held by security of an hour and judge agree due to reasonable response
from police
6. Tucker and Baldasaro v Cadillac Fairview Ontario Arrest is a last resort and exercised with
caution. Excessive force and or Unlawful arrest opens organizations and or officers to
criminal charges and civil liability
7. R v Asante-Mensah (2003) Arrest in the context of the TPA should be initiated by words and
physical touching or submission which must be turned over to police and must have
reasonable force in all circumstances
8. R v Baxter use of force is subject to being necessary and reasonable based on what injury
and or harm is based on those two element are meet
9. R v Cline courts understand that judgments to use force are not based on 20/20 insight but
the situation itself
10. R v Bottrell also re-enforce the officer using force could not use force with exactitude only that
it was reasonable
11. R v Theriault (1995) subject employed as a bouncer was found not guilty as a result of a
appeal court for using force to remove a trespasser of a club
12. Cloutier vs Langois (1990) confirming common law search being incidental to arrest

Question 54

What are the three reasons we use patient restraints?

Answer 54

Restraints limit movement and 
prevent injury. They can be helpful 
to nurses and doctors as they 
provide care. Restraints can also 
be used to:
1. keep the patient safe and prevent 
falls 
2. prevent injury to family members 
and staff 
3. prevent patients from pulling out 
tubes or taking off dressings

Question 55

Who Decides to Place a patient in Restraints?

Answer 55

Restraints are used as a last resort. The decision to
restrain a patient is made by one or more members of
the patient’s treatment team. This includes doctors
and nurses. If the patient cannot partake in the
decision, a family member is consulted if possible

Question 56

Which provincial act governs patient restraint?

Answer 56

PATIENT RESTRAINT MINIMIZATION ACT, 2001
LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS
Note information taken for government of Ontario website
Prevention of serious bodily harm
A hospital or facility may restrain or confine a patient or use a monitoring device on him or her,
(a) If it is necessary to prevent serious bodily harm to him or her or to another person; and
(b) If such other criteria as may be prescribed by regulation for restraining or confining a patient
or for using a monitoring device on him or her are met.

Question 57

Which Provincial Act governs the treatment of people who require psychiatric assistance?

Answer 57

THE ONTARIO MENTAL HEALTH ACT, 1990
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This page is wrong!!!!!

Page 36 of 41 is wrong this is in the book STOP 1 Workbook.