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ADV NWT > STP > Flashcards

STP Flashcards

1
Q

Layer 2 loop issues

A

MAC database instability
Broadcast storms
Multiple frame transmission

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2
Q

MAC Database Instability

changes in the MAC address table, a switch do not know which port to forward frames

A

MAC Database Instability

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3
Q

So many broadcast frames in a layer 2 loop that use all available bandwidth and make the network unreachable for legitimate network traffic

A

Broadcast storms

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4
Q

Causes of broadcasts storms

A

Denial of Service (DoS)

Can develop in seconds and bring the network down

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5
Q

A switch does not have the destination MAC address in its MAC address table and has to broadcast the frame out all ports except the port the frame was received on

A

Duplicate Unicast Frames

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6
Q

Blocks redundant paths that could cause a loop

A

Spanning Tree protocol

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7
Q

Used to prevent loop and duplication of data frames in the ethernet network

A

STP

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8
Q

Lowest Bridge ID (BID)

Bridge priority and MAC Address

A

Root Bridge

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9
Q

Port Roles

selected on a per-segment (each link) basis, based on the cost to get to root bridge or either side of this link

A

Designated Port

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10
Q

Port roles

one port on a switch that has the lowest cost to reach the root bridge

A

Root Port

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11
Q 
Port Roles ( RSTP only)
Backup port for the root port
A

Backup root

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12
Q 
Port Roles (RSTP only)
Backup port for the designated port when the other side is not a root port
A

Alternate port

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13
Q

Cisco update 802.1D; each VLAN has its own spanning-tree instance

A

PVST+

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14
Q

Cisco enhancement of RSTP using PVST+

A

Rapid PVST+

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15
Q

Disadvantages of Original 802.1D

A

No load sharing
Low CPU utilization
One uplink must block for all VLANs

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16
Q

Advantages of Cisco PVST+

A

Can load balance
One port can be blocking for one VLAN and forwarding for another VLAN
Can stress the CPU if a large number of VLANs are used

17
Q

Port States in STP (802.1D)

A 
Disabled 
Blocking 
Listening 
Learning 
Forwarding
18
Q

Port States in Rapid STP (802.1w)

A

Discarding
Learning
Forwarding

19
Q

Port Roles in STP (802.1D)

A

Root (Forwarding)
Designated (Forwarding)
Non-designated (Blocking)

20
Q

Port Roles in Rapid STP (802.1w)

A

Root (Forwarding)
Designated (Forwarding)
Alternate (Discarding) Backup (Discarding)

21
Q

BPDUs are used as a keepalive mechanism

A

RSTP BPDUs

22
Q

A port that immediately goes to forwarding state,

has an end device connected - NEVER another switch

A

Edge Ports

23
Q

Edge Ports

A

Uses the spanning-tree portfast command

24
Q

Link Types

A

Shared- A point in half -duplex mode connecting a hub to a switch

25
Q

2 ways to influence the root bridge election process

A

spanning-tree vlan x root primary/secondary
Change Priority
spanning-tree vlan x priority x

26
Q

What does the portfast command do?

A

Used on end devices attached.
Put a port in a forwarding state
Allows DHCP to work properly

27
Q

What does BPDU Guard do?

A

Disables a port that has PortFast configured on it if a BPDU is received

28
Q

Issues that result a broadcast storm

A

Due to high processing demands during a broadcast storm, communication may fail between end stations in the broadcast domain.
During a broadcast storm, constant changes to the MAC address table prevent a switch from accurately forwarding frames.

29
Q

What is the first step of the spanning-tree election process? ( After Rebooting)

A

All the switches send out BPDUs advertising themselves as the root bridge.

30
Q

When PVST is running over a switched network, which port state can participate in BPDU frame forwarding based on BPDUs received, but does not forward data frames?

A

Listening

31
Q

What is one way to correct a spanning tree failure?

A

Manually remove redundant links in the switched network.

32
Q

a protocol that allows multiple VLANs to run in a single spanning-tree instance, Rapid PVST+

A

MSTP

33
Q

Which port state will switch ports immediately transition to when configured for PortFast?

A

Forwarding

34
Q

What additional information is contained in the 12-bit extended system ID of a BPDU?

A

VLAN ID

ADV NWT (12 decks)

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