storms

Question 1

types of lightning

Answer 1

intracloud & cloud-to-ground

Question 2

positive v negative strikes

Answer 2

positive strikes more dangerous, negative strikes more common

Question 3

how lightning forms

Answer 3

leaders descend from clouds and connect with a ground leader

Question 4

parts of a storm system

Answer 4

anvil at top, cloud base at bottom
updraft, striations, wall cloud, mammatus cloud

Question 5

where is solar energy absorbed

Answer 5

thermosphere and mesosphere (top & middle)

Question 6

life cycle of storm

Answer 6

cumulus stage -> mature stage -> dissipating stage

Question 7

types of storms

Answer 7

supercells, multicells
mesocyclones only found in supercells
types of supercells: low precip, classic, high precip

Question 8

squall line

Answer 8

a line of tstorms

Question 9

downburst

Answer 9

cold air sinking, invisible

Question 10

updraft

Answer 10

warm air rising

Question 11

gust front

Answer 11

downburst hitting ground, spreads out in straight lines

Question 12

explain how humidity and saturation relate to tstorms

Answer 12

as moist air rises, it cools down and can no longer hold the moisture, so it condenses and falls

Question 13

where do tornadoes form

Answer 13

underneath a warm updraft, made visible by water droplets and dust & debris from ground
form on SW flank of storm

Question 14

description of enhanced fujita scale

Answer 14

EF0: shingles fallen
EF1: windows broken
EF2: roof torn off
EF3: stories collapsed
EF4: house torn off foundation
EF5: house completely destroyed

Question 15

where to hide during tornado

Answer 15

in a basement or ditch

Question 16

where do most tornadoes occur

Answer 16

north america, specifcally midwest and ontario

Question 17

tornado watch vs tornado warning

Answer 17

watch: chance tornado will occur
warning: tornado is imminent

Question 18

how are storms fueled?

Answer 18

warm, humid air ~ latent heat is removed and converted to storm energy

Question 19

buoyancy force causes

Answer 19

updrafts & downdrafts

Question 20

presssure-gradient force causes

Answer 20

horizontal winds

Question 21

atmospheric rivers carry

Answer 21

water vapour and humid air

Question 22

how air continuity relates to tstorms

Answer 22

• buoyant air rises leaving vacuum behind -> surrounding air sucked in to fill hole
• vertical motion generates horizontal motion

Question 23

where is the greatest risk of hail?

Answer 23

midwest, east coast

Question 24

structure of hurricanes

Answer 24

eye: centre, calm & clear, low pressure
eye wall: ring of tstorms around the eye
spiral bands: bands of tstorms extending out in straight lines from eye wall

Question 25

the lower the eye pressure...

Answer 25

the faster the winds and the stronger the hurricane

Question 26

self-fueling method

Answer 26

hurricanes remove heat from oceans -> creates strong winds -> creates high waves

Question 27

where do hurricanes typically form

Answer 27

10-30 latitude (or -10 - -30) hurricanes won't form at equator bc no coriolis effect (earth's rotation not as strong)

Question 28

hurricane hazards

Answer 28

storm surges lead to floods and disease, drowning

Question 29

hurricane predictions aren't accurate...

Answer 29

so plan to evacuate