Storage Domain

Question 1

I: HDD

Answer 1

Use magnetic platters and moving parts to store data.

Are the legacy data storage standard for PCs, servers and enterprise storage arrays.

Have lower price tags than SSDs on a per-GB basis.

Are slower than SSDs.

Question 2

I: TIERS

Answer 2

Tier 1 is designed for data which is highly time-sensitive, volatile, and must be accessed quickly

Tier 2 is typically used to store transactional support data for customer-facing systems such as retail applications, and other high-performance applications where only extremely short delays will work.

Tier 3 is used for hot data such as ERP and CRM data which users must access often without too much delay.

Tier 4 anything that needs to be accessed less often, but still regularly and without too much delay.

Tier 5 is for archiving cold data for the future.

Question 3

I: IOPS

Answer 3

IOPS (input/output operations per second) is the standard unit of measurement for the maximum number of reads and writes to non-contiguous storage locations.

Calculated by spindle speed, average latency, average seek time.

Question 4

I: I/O BOUND

Answer 4

its determined by the period spent waiting for input/output operations to be completed.

Question 5

I: DEDUPLICATION

Answer 5

Data deduplication is a process that eliminates excessive copies of data and significantly decreases storage capacity requirements.

Question 6

I: COMPRESSION

Answer 6

Compression provides storage savings by eliminating the redundancy within a block of data.

Unlike dedupe, compression is not concerned with whether a second copy of the same block exists.

Question 7

I: NAS

Answer 7

NAS is a file-level data storage device attached to an TCP/IP network, usually Ethernet.

It typically uses NFS or CIFS protocols, although other choices like HTTP are available.

File storage and sharing, Active Archives, Big Data, Virtualization, VDI

Question 8

I: BLOCK STORAGE

Answer 8

Block storage (EBS) devices provide fixed-sized raw storage capacity. Each storage volume can be treated as an independent disk drive and controlled by an external server operating system. This block device can be mounted by the guest operating system as if it were a physical disk.

Question 9

I: EBS (block storage)

Answer 9

EBS to provide storage for the drives of your virtual machines. It stores data in equally sized blocks and organizes them into a hierarchy like a traditional file system.

testing/dev
NoSQL
RDS
Business Consistency
Enterprise-wide Applications

Question 10

I: CDN

Answer 10

A CDN – shortens the path information must travel between the server and user. A CDN is a network of servers, rather than a single server, with locations in multiple geographic locations. When a user accesses a website, information is pulled from the server location closest to them. The result is a faster flow of data.

Question 11

I: CLOUDFRONT

Answer 11

delivers your content through a worldwide network of data centers called edge locations. When a user requests content that you’re serving with CloudFront, the user is routed to the edge location that provides the lowest latency (time delay), so that content is delivered with the best possible performance.

Question 12

I: RAID 0

Answer 12

splits (“stripes”) data evenly across two or more disks, without parity information, redundancy, or fault tolerance.

The failure of one drive will cause the entire array to fail.

This configuration is typically implemented having speed as the intended goal.

Caching

Question 13

I: AVAILABILITY

Answer 13

can be described as the percentage of a time period when the service will be able to respond to the request (system uptime).

Question 14

I: SYNCHRONOUS

Answer 14

data is replicated to a secondary remote location at the same time as new data is being created or updated in the primary datacenter.

Question 15

I: SSD

Answer 15

Use semiconductor chips to store data and have no moving parts.

Are gaining popularity but remain a pricey storage alternative for PCs, servers and storage systems.

Have higher price tags than HDDs on a per-GB basis.

Are much faster than HDDs

Question 16

I: THROUGHPUT

Answer 16

measures how many units of information a system can process in a period of time.

Question 17

I: LATENCY

Answer 17

Latency measures the time between issuing a request and receiving a response. With regards to IOPS, latency is a measure of the length of time it takes for a single I/O request to be completed from the application’s point of view.

Question 18

I: SAN

Answer 18

SAN is a dedicated high-performance network for consolidated block-level storage.

The network interconnects storage devices, switches, and hosts.

DBs and ecomm websites, Fast Backups, Virtualization, Video Editing

Question 19

I: DAS

Answer 19

DAS is digital storage directly attached to the computer accessing it, as opposed to storage accessed over a computer network.

Question 20

I: FILE-BASED STORAGE

Answer 20

is a hierarchical storage methodology used to organize and store data on a computer hard drive or on network-attached storage (NAS) device

Amazon EFS, you can create a file system, mount the file system on an Amazon EC2 instance, and then read and write data to and from your file system.

Question 21

I: OBJECT-BASED STORAGE

Answer 21

Object-based storage (S3) data kept on object storage devices, which consist of the object data and metadata, can be accessed directly through APIs or http/https.

Question 22

I: S3 (object-based)

Answer 22

S3 provides object storage. Each object has its own unique identifier or key, for access through web requests from any location.

Big data
Backups
DR
Archiving

Question 23

I: EFS (file-based)

Answer 23

EFS is the best choice for running any application that has a high workload, requires scalable storage, and must produce output quickly. It scales automatically, even to meet the most abrupt workload spikes.

Lift-n-shift
Analytics
CMS
Web servers

Question 24

I: RAID 1

Answer 24

RAID 1 (mirroring) data are stored twice by writing them to both the data drive (or set of data drives) and a mirror drive (or set of drives).

Question 25

I: RAID 5

Answer 25

RAID 5 (striping with parity) data blocks are striped across the drives and on one drive a parity checksum of all the block data is written.

That means a RAID 5 array can withstand a single drive failure without losing data or access to data.

Question 26

I: RAID 6

Answer 26

Level 6 (striping with double parity) like Level 5 but the parity data are written to two drives, but the array will even survive that second failure.

Question 27

I: RAID 10

Answer 27

provides security by mirroring all data on secondary drives while using striping across each set of drives to speed up data transfers.

Question 28

I: DURABILITY

Answer 28

refers to the ongoing existence of the object or resource (not that you can access but continues to exist).

Question 29

I: RELIABILITY

Answer 29

is the probability that a system will work as designed.

Question 30

I: ASYNCHRONOUS

Answer 30

is not performed at the same time as changes are made in the primary storage. Data is replicated only in predetermined time periods (this could be hourly, daily, or weekly).